Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which architectural feature is typical of the New England Hall and Parlor plan?
Which architectural feature is typical of the New England Hall and Parlor plan?
- Several chimneys
- Overhanging second story (correct)
- Flat roofs
- Large windows
What purpose did the steep pitched roofs of the Garrison Colonial serve?
What purpose did the steep pitched roofs of the Garrison Colonial serve?
- To support heavy thatched roofs
- To let rain and snow run off easily (correct)
- To create shade during summer
- To provide additional attic space
What is a characteristic of Medieval half-timbering?
What is a characteristic of Medieval half-timbering?
- Brick walls
- Glass windows
- Exposed timber framing (correct)
- Flat roofs
How did the New England Saltbox style develop?
How did the New England Saltbox style develop?
Which of the following is typical of very early houses?
Which of the following is typical of very early houses?
What major exhibit featured the Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton?
What major exhibit featured the Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton?
Which characteristic is most associated with the Victorian era architecture?
Which characteristic is most associated with the Victorian era architecture?
Which building is an example of Victorian architecture designed by Gustav Eiffel?
Which building is an example of Victorian architecture designed by Gustav Eiffel?
What historical period does the Federal Style relate to?
What historical period does the Federal Style relate to?
Who designed the Paris Opera House completed in 1874?
Who designed the Paris Opera House completed in 1874?
Who was a significant influence on the architecture of the Federal Style period?
Who was a significant influence on the architecture of the Federal Style period?
Which building features slender cast-iron columns and nine vaulted skylighted domes?
Which building features slender cast-iron columns and nine vaulted skylighted domes?
Which of the following is a general feature of Victorian architecture?
Which of the following is a general feature of Victorian architecture?
Which building features a neoclassic dome that symbolizes democracy?
Which building features a neoclassic dome that symbolizes democracy?
Which style is NOT associated with Victorian era architecture?
Which style is NOT associated with Victorian era architecture?
Which architectural feature is NOT characteristic of the Federal Style?
Which architectural feature is NOT characteristic of the Federal Style?
What architectural innovation is Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello known for?
What architectural innovation is Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello known for?
What is often placed at the central entrance in Federal Style architecture?
What is often placed at the central entrance in Federal Style architecture?
What is the design focus of the pavilions at the University of Virginia?
What is the design focus of the pavilions at the University of Virginia?
Which document was Thomas Jefferson the principal author of?
Which document was Thomas Jefferson the principal author of?
Which of the following is a common decorative element in Federal Style architecture?
Which of the following is a common decorative element in Federal Style architecture?
Which architectural style in the U.S. was the first true national style and was influenced by classical tradition and democracy?
Which architectural style in the U.S. was the first true national style and was influenced by classical tradition and democracy?
Which style of architecture is characterized by pointed arches and stained glass windows and was often used for churches and universities?
Which style of architecture is characterized by pointed arches and stained glass windows and was often used for churches and universities?
What style was inspired by medieval architecture and features round arches and massive stone walls?
What style was inspired by medieval architecture and features round arches and massive stone walls?
Which style is known for elements like mansard roofs, dormers, and elaborate ornamentation?
Which style is known for elements like mansard roofs, dormers, and elaborate ornamentation?
The use of elements of Italian Renaissance architecture, such as round arches, columns, and pilasters, is characteristic of which American architectural style?
The use of elements of Italian Renaissance architecture, such as round arches, columns, and pilasters, is characteristic of which American architectural style?
Which style is characterized by a blend of elements from Gothic, Romanesque, and Italianate styles, and was often used for houses?
Which style is characterized by a blend of elements from Gothic, Romanesque, and Italianate styles, and was often used for houses?
What does Realism reject in favor of close observation of outward appearances?
What does Realism reject in favor of close observation of outward appearances?
Which artist is considered the first French Realist?
Which artist is considered the first French Realist?
Which school of painting is associated with the forest of Fontainebleau?
Which school of painting is associated with the forest of Fontainebleau?
Which of these is NOT a name associated with the Realism period?
Which of these is NOT a name associated with the Realism period?
Which group was considered the first avant-garde movement in art?
Which group was considered the first avant-garde movement in art?
Which school of painting helped establish landscape as a vital subject for French artists?
Which school of painting helped establish landscape as a vital subject for French artists?
Which artist is NOT associated with the Realist movement?
Which artist is NOT associated with the Realist movement?
Who among these artists was part of the Barbizon School?
Who among these artists was part of the Barbizon School?
What is Honore Daumier famous for?
What is Honore Daumier famous for?
What unique practice did Claude Monet adopt?
What unique practice did Claude Monet adopt?
Which of the following works is attributed to Edouard Manet's early career?
Which of the following works is attributed to Edouard Manet's early career?
What was a prominent feature of Impressionist painting?
What was a prominent feature of Impressionist painting?
What technique is associated with Impressionist painting surfaces?
What technique is associated with Impressionist painting surfaces?
Which painting is by Claude Monet?
Which painting is by Claude Monet?
Which artist is known for painting 'Boating at Argenteuil'?
Which artist is known for painting 'Boating at Argenteuil'?
Which subject matter was Edgar Degas particularly fond of?
Which subject matter was Edgar Degas particularly fond of?
Which technique did George Pierre Seurat originate?
Which technique did George Pierre Seurat originate?
What is Paul Gaugain known for in his paintings?
What is Paul Gaugain known for in his paintings?
Which artist is associated with pre-cubism and the blending of masses and planes using unconventional perspective?
Which artist is associated with pre-cubism and the blending of masses and planes using unconventional perspective?
Which movement provided an intellectual alternative to the purely visual painting of the impressionists?
Which movement provided an intellectual alternative to the purely visual painting of the impressionists?
What was the main interest of the sculptor Rodin?
What was the main interest of the sculptor Rodin?
Which work is associated with Pierre August Renoir?
Which work is associated with Pierre August Renoir?
What did Neo-Impressionism react against in the late 19th century?
What did Neo-Impressionism react against in the late 19th century?
What does Synthetism in art aim to blend?
What does Synthetism in art aim to blend?
What is the term 'Fauvism' derived from in French?
What is the term 'Fauvism' derived from in French?
Who was the leader of the Fauvist movement?
Who was the leader of the Fauvist movement?
In which country did the Arts and Crafts Movement originate?
In which country did the Arts and Crafts Movement originate?
What type of materials did the Arts and Crafts Movement architects prefer?
What type of materials did the Arts and Crafts Movement architects prefer?
Who designed The Red House, a significant example of the Arts and Crafts Movement?
Who designed The Red House, a significant example of the Arts and Crafts Movement?
Which natural element predominantly influences Art Nouveau designs?
Which natural element predominantly influences Art Nouveau designs?
The Stile Floreale version of Art Nouveau is specifically associated with which country?
The Stile Floreale version of Art Nouveau is specifically associated with which country?
Which term is another name for Jugendstijl in German-speaking countries?
Which term is another name for Jugendstijl in German-speaking countries?
Which decorative style is associated with the architect Hector Guimard?
Which decorative style is associated with the architect Hector Guimard?
Which element is NOT commonly associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement?
Which element is NOT commonly associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement?
What characteristic is commonly associated with Victor Horta's Hotel Tassel in Brussels?
What characteristic is commonly associated with Victor Horta's Hotel Tassel in Brussels?
Which feature is a defining characteristic of Antoni Gaudi's Casa Mila in Barcelona?
Which feature is a defining characteristic of Antoni Gaudi's Casa Mila in Barcelona?
Which term is associated with the style of Art Deco?
Which term is associated with the style of Art Deco?
What distinguishes the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona?
What distinguishes the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona?
What is a notable feature of Paris Metro entrances designed by Hector Guimard?
What is a notable feature of Paris Metro entrances designed by Hector Guimard?
Which material is often associated with Art Deco architecture?
Which material is often associated with Art Deco architecture?
Which of the following is a general feature in Art Deco architecture?
Which of the following is a general feature in Art Deco architecture?
What was the primary inspiration behind the naming of the Art Deco movement?
What was the primary inspiration behind the naming of the Art Deco movement?
What inspired the corner ornamentation of the Chrysler Building's 61st floors?
What inspired the corner ornamentation of the Chrysler Building's 61st floors?
Which artist is known for painting 'The Starry Night'?
Which artist is known for painting 'The Starry Night'?
Who is credited with painting the first purely abstract works?
Who is credited with painting the first purely abstract works?
Which landmark was the world's tallest building for 40 years?
Which landmark was the world's tallest building for 40 years?
Which artist's works include 'The Scream' and 'Puberty'?
Which artist's works include 'The Scream' and 'Puberty'?
What is a characteristic feature of Expressionist paintings?
What is a characteristic feature of Expressionist paintings?
Which building is the second tallest in New York City?
Which building is the second tallest in New York City?
Which movement is characterized by the methodological destruction of rational visual association?
Which movement is characterized by the methodological destruction of rational visual association?
Study Notes
History of Art and Architecture
Medieval Period
- Half-timbering was a characteristic feature of medieval houses
- Early houses were small, one-roomed with a loft
- New England Hall and Parlor plan had an overhanging second story, small windows, and a central chimney
- Garrison Colonial style had steep pitched roofs to allow rain and snow to run off easily
- New England Saltbox style developed from the Hall and Parlor style with an additional ell or lean-to on the back
Federal Style
- Named after the American historical period (1783-1815)
- Characterized by neoclassicism, with a stricter version of the style
- Features of domestic architecture include:
- Low-pitched or flat roofs, often concealed behind a balustrade
- Moldings of low relief and delicate ornamentation
- Classical orders (Doric, Ionic, etc.) with diminutive capitals and slender columns
- Emphasis on central entrance, with a small portico, crowning fan-light, and narrow sidelights
- Curved lines, Palladian windows, and circular or elliptical windows
Thomas Jefferson
- American founding father, principal author of The Declaration of Independence, and third president
- Had a significant influence on the architecture of the period
- Involved in the design and construction of the US Capitol Building and urban planning in Washington DC
- Enthusiast of neoclassical art, which influenced the development of 19th-century architecture in America
Architectural Landmarks
- The Rotunda at the University of Virginia
- Housed the library, with professors' pavilions representing individual disciplines
- Each pavilion demonstrated the correct use of a different Roman order
- US Capitol Building
- Neoclassic domes symbolize democracy
Victorian Architecture
- Characterized by:
- Cast-iron framing
- Utilitarian structures often lacking traditional ornamentation
- Examples:
- Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton
- Made of prefabricated iron and glass panels
- National Library, Paris by Henri Labrouste
- Use of slender cast-iron columns and nine vaulted sky-lit domes
- Eiffel Tower by Gustav Eiffel
- Iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris
- Paris Opera House (1874) by Charles Garnier
- Ornate building with friezes, columns, and winged figures among other statues and embellishments
- Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton
The Monticello
- Thomas Jefferson's house outside Charlottesville
- Features neoclassical touch and style
- Domesticated the Pantheon in the great tradition of residential Pantheons
Victorian Era
- Historical background:
- Industrialization brought innovations in architecture
- Victorian styles include Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Romanesque, and Second Empire
- Characterized by:
- Rapid changes in style due to aesthetic controversy and technological innovations
- Frequent presence of ostentatious ornamentation
- Trend from classicism to Romanticism and eclecticism
Eclecticism in the US
- Greek Revival:
- First true national style in the United States
- Found in all regions of the country
- Originated in the late 18th century with classical tradition and democracy
- Gothic Revival:
- Characterized by the use of elements of medieval architecture
- Often used for churches and universities
- Romanesque Revival:
- Based on the architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries
- Characterized by round arches and massive stone walls
- Often used for churches and public buildings
- Italianate Style:
- Characterized by the use of elements of Italian Renaissance architecture
- Often used for commercial buildings and houses
- Second Empire Style:
- Characterized by the use of elements of French Second Empire architecture
- Often used for houses and public buildings
- Queen Anne Style:
- Characterized by the use of a variety of elements from different historical styles
- Often used for houses
Realism
- Rejected imaginative idealization of nature or contemporary life
- Featured honestly everyday people and situations
- Focus on scientific concepts of vision and the study of optical effects of light
- Artists:
- John Singleton Copley
- Gustav Courbet
- Hilaire Germaine Edgar Degas
- Edouard Manet
- Schools:
- Barbizon School
- Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
- Hudson River School
Honore Daumier
- Lithographer and cartoonist
- Satirized Parisian life and the classical tradition
- Famous for his satirical caricatures
Claude Monet
- Landscape impressionist and leader of the pleinairists
- Adapted the practice of painting a single subject a number of times in varying lights and seasons
- Works:
- Autumn Effect on Argenteuil
- Les Bassin de Nympheas
- Impression: Sunrise
Transitional (from Realism to Impressionism) Painters
- Edouard Manet
- Statement in form of the artist's individual freedom
- Use of shallow perspective
- Works:
- Dejeuner sur l'herb
- Olympia
- Dead Toreador
Impressionism
- Movement in French painting
- Characteristics:
- Light and its reflection
- Quickly painted surfaces
- Dots, dashes, commas, and other short brushstrokes
- Bright pure colors and separating them
- Modern life as the subject matter
- Important artists:
- Monet
- Edouard Manet
- Edgar Degas
- Pierre August Renoir
- Rodin
Neo-Impressionism
- Movement in French painting
- Characteristics:
- Systematic calculation and scientific theory
- Pointillism technique
- Artists:
- George Pierre Seurat
Symbolism
- Movement providing an intellectual alternative to the purely visual painting of the Impressionists
- Artists:
- Paul Gaugain
- Edvard Munch
- James Ensor
- Gustav Klimt
Synthetism
- Theory of art that posted works of art ought to blend three primary elements:
- The outward appearance of the subject
- The artist's emotional reaction to the subject
- Artistic choices of color, form, and line
- Artists:
- Paul Cezanne
Fauvism
- Movement in French painting
- Characteristics:
- Use of bold and spontaneous brushstrokes
- Brilliant colors
- Depiction of wild animals
- Artists:
- Henri Matisse
- André Derain
Arts and Crafts Movement
- Reaction against the poor quality of mass-produced goods
- Valuing craftsmanship over mass production
- Key characteristics:
- Rejection of machine frames and steel frames
- Use of wood, stone, and other natural materials
- Designs were often simple and functional
- Architectural landmarks:
- The Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh
- The Red House by Philip Webb
Art Nouveau
- Style of fine and applied arts
- Characteristics:
- Fluid and undulating motifs often derived from nature
- Use of sinuous, organic lines
- Versions:
- Style Guimard in France
- Stile Floreale in Italy
- Stile Liberty in Great Britain
- Modernismo in Spain
- Sezessionsstil in Austria
- Jugendstijl in German-speaking countries
- Architectural landmarks:
- Hotel Tassel, Brussels by Victor Horta
- Casa Mila, Barcelona by Antoni Gaudi
Art Deco
- Style of decorative art
- Characteristics:
- Geometric motifs
- Streamlined and curvilinear forms
- Sharply-defined outlines
- Often bold colors
- Use of synthetic materials
- Architectural landmarks:
- The Sagrada Familia, Barcelona by Antoni Gaudi
- Paris Metro Entrances by Hector Guimard
- Chrysler Building, New York City
- The Empire State Building, New York City
Expressionism
- Opposition to academic standards
- Emphasized artists' subjective emotion
- General features:
- Representational accuracy is sacrificed
- Strong outlines and bold colors
- Compositions tend to be simpler and more direct
- Thick impasto paint, loose, freely applied brushstrokes, and occasional symbolism
- Important artists:
- Vincent Van Gogh
- Edward Munch
- Egon Schiele
- Franz Marc
Abstraction
- Movement of conscious and methodological destruction of particular and recognizable in appearance
- Artistic elimination of rational visual association
- Important artists:
- Wassily Kandinsky
- Kazimir Malevich
- Piet Mondrian
Cubism
- Showed objects in their basic geometric shapes
- Important artists:
- Georges Braque
- Pablo Picasso
- Juan Gris
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Description
This quiz covers various architectural styles of early American houses, including half-timbering, New England Hall and Parlor, Garrison Colonial, and New England Saltbox. Learn about the characteristics of each style and their evolution.
