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Which architectural feature is typical of the New England Hall and Parlor plan?
What purpose did the steep pitched roofs of the Garrison Colonial serve?
What is a characteristic of Medieval half-timbering?
How did the New England Saltbox style develop?
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Which of the following is typical of very early houses?
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What major exhibit featured the Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton?
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Which characteristic is most associated with the Victorian era architecture?
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Which building is an example of Victorian architecture designed by Gustav Eiffel?
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What historical period does the Federal Style relate to?
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Who designed the Paris Opera House completed in 1874?
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Who was a significant influence on the architecture of the Federal Style period?
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Which building features slender cast-iron columns and nine vaulted skylighted domes?
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Which of the following is a general feature of Victorian architecture?
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Which building features a neoclassic dome that symbolizes democracy?
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Which style is NOT associated with Victorian era architecture?
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Which architectural feature is NOT characteristic of the Federal Style?
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What architectural innovation is Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello known for?
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What is often placed at the central entrance in Federal Style architecture?
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What is the design focus of the pavilions at the University of Virginia?
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Which document was Thomas Jefferson the principal author of?
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Which of the following is a common decorative element in Federal Style architecture?
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Which architectural style in the U.S. was the first true national style and was influenced by classical tradition and democracy?
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Which style of architecture is characterized by pointed arches and stained glass windows and was often used for churches and universities?
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What style was inspired by medieval architecture and features round arches and massive stone walls?
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Which style is known for elements like mansard roofs, dormers, and elaborate ornamentation?
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The use of elements of Italian Renaissance architecture, such as round arches, columns, and pilasters, is characteristic of which American architectural style?
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Which style is characterized by a blend of elements from Gothic, Romanesque, and Italianate styles, and was often used for houses?
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What does Realism reject in favor of close observation of outward appearances?
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Which artist is considered the first French Realist?
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Which school of painting is associated with the forest of Fontainebleau?
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Which of these is NOT a name associated with the Realism period?
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Which group was considered the first avant-garde movement in art?
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Which school of painting helped establish landscape as a vital subject for French artists?
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Which artist is NOT associated with the Realist movement?
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Who among these artists was part of the Barbizon School?
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What is Honore Daumier famous for?
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What unique practice did Claude Monet adopt?
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Which of the following works is attributed to Edouard Manet's early career?
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What was a prominent feature of Impressionist painting?
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What technique is associated with Impressionist painting surfaces?
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Which painting is by Claude Monet?
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Which artist is known for painting 'Boating at Argenteuil'?
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Which subject matter was Edgar Degas particularly fond of?
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Which technique did George Pierre Seurat originate?
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What is Paul Gaugain known for in his paintings?
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Which artist is associated with pre-cubism and the blending of masses and planes using unconventional perspective?
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Which movement provided an intellectual alternative to the purely visual painting of the impressionists?
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What was the main interest of the sculptor Rodin?
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Which work is associated with Pierre August Renoir?
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What did Neo-Impressionism react against in the late 19th century?
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What does Synthetism in art aim to blend?
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What is the term 'Fauvism' derived from in French?
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Who was the leader of the Fauvist movement?
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In which country did the Arts and Crafts Movement originate?
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What type of materials did the Arts and Crafts Movement architects prefer?
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Who designed The Red House, a significant example of the Arts and Crafts Movement?
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Which natural element predominantly influences Art Nouveau designs?
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The Stile Floreale version of Art Nouveau is specifically associated with which country?
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Which term is another name for Jugendstijl in German-speaking countries?
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Which decorative style is associated with the architect Hector Guimard?
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Which element is NOT commonly associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement?
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What characteristic is commonly associated with Victor Horta's Hotel Tassel in Brussels?
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Which feature is a defining characteristic of Antoni Gaudi's Casa Mila in Barcelona?
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Which term is associated with the style of Art Deco?
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What distinguishes the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona?
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What is a notable feature of Paris Metro entrances designed by Hector Guimard?
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Which material is often associated with Art Deco architecture?
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Which of the following is a general feature in Art Deco architecture?
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What was the primary inspiration behind the naming of the Art Deco movement?
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What inspired the corner ornamentation of the Chrysler Building's 61st floors?
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Which artist is known for painting 'The Starry Night'?
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Who is credited with painting the first purely abstract works?
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Which landmark was the world's tallest building for 40 years?
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Which artist's works include 'The Scream' and 'Puberty'?
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What is a characteristic feature of Expressionist paintings?
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Which building is the second tallest in New York City?
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Which movement is characterized by the methodological destruction of rational visual association?
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Study Notes
History of Art and Architecture
Medieval Period
- Half-timbering was a characteristic feature of medieval houses
- Early houses were small, one-roomed with a loft
- New England Hall and Parlor plan had an overhanging second story, small windows, and a central chimney
- Garrison Colonial style had steep pitched roofs to allow rain and snow to run off easily
- New England Saltbox style developed from the Hall and Parlor style with an additional ell or lean-to on the back
Federal Style
- Named after the American historical period (1783-1815)
- Characterized by neoclassicism, with a stricter version of the style
- Features of domestic architecture include:
- Low-pitched or flat roofs, often concealed behind a balustrade
- Moldings of low relief and delicate ornamentation
- Classical orders (Doric, Ionic, etc.) with diminutive capitals and slender columns
- Emphasis on central entrance, with a small portico, crowning fan-light, and narrow sidelights
- Curved lines, Palladian windows, and circular or elliptical windows
Thomas Jefferson
- American founding father, principal author of The Declaration of Independence, and third president
- Had a significant influence on the architecture of the period
- Involved in the design and construction of the US Capitol Building and urban planning in Washington DC
- Enthusiast of neoclassical art, which influenced the development of 19th-century architecture in America
Architectural Landmarks
- The Rotunda at the University of Virginia
- Housed the library, with professors' pavilions representing individual disciplines
- Each pavilion demonstrated the correct use of a different Roman order
- US Capitol Building
- Neoclassic domes symbolize democracy
Victorian Architecture
- Characterized by:
- Cast-iron framing
- Utilitarian structures often lacking traditional ornamentation
- Examples:
- Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton
- Made of prefabricated iron and glass panels
- National Library, Paris by Henri Labrouste
- Use of slender cast-iron columns and nine vaulted sky-lit domes
- Eiffel Tower by Gustav Eiffel
- Iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris
- Paris Opera House (1874) by Charles Garnier
- Ornate building with friezes, columns, and winged figures among other statues and embellishments
- Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton
The Monticello
- Thomas Jefferson's house outside Charlottesville
- Features neoclassical touch and style
- Domesticated the Pantheon in the great tradition of residential Pantheons
Victorian Era
- Historical background:
- Industrialization brought innovations in architecture
- Victorian styles include Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Romanesque, and Second Empire
- Characterized by:
- Rapid changes in style due to aesthetic controversy and technological innovations
- Frequent presence of ostentatious ornamentation
- Trend from classicism to Romanticism and eclecticism
Eclecticism in the US
- Greek Revival:
- First true national style in the United States
- Found in all regions of the country
- Originated in the late 18th century with classical tradition and democracy
- Gothic Revival:
- Characterized by the use of elements of medieval architecture
- Often used for churches and universities
- Romanesque Revival:
- Based on the architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries
- Characterized by round arches and massive stone walls
- Often used for churches and public buildings
- Italianate Style:
- Characterized by the use of elements of Italian Renaissance architecture
- Often used for commercial buildings and houses
- Second Empire Style:
- Characterized by the use of elements of French Second Empire architecture
- Often used for houses and public buildings
- Queen Anne Style:
- Characterized by the use of a variety of elements from different historical styles
- Often used for houses
Realism
- Rejected imaginative idealization of nature or contemporary life
- Featured honestly everyday people and situations
- Focus on scientific concepts of vision and the study of optical effects of light
- Artists:
- John Singleton Copley
- Gustav Courbet
- Hilaire Germaine Edgar Degas
- Edouard Manet
- Schools:
- Barbizon School
- Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
- Hudson River School
Honore Daumier
- Lithographer and cartoonist
- Satirized Parisian life and the classical tradition
- Famous for his satirical caricatures
Claude Monet
- Landscape impressionist and leader of the pleinairists
- Adapted the practice of painting a single subject a number of times in varying lights and seasons
- Works:
- Autumn Effect on Argenteuil
- Les Bassin de Nympheas
- Impression: Sunrise
Transitional (from Realism to Impressionism) Painters
- Edouard Manet
- Statement in form of the artist's individual freedom
- Use of shallow perspective
- Works:
- Dejeuner sur l'herb
- Olympia
- Dead Toreador
Impressionism
- Movement in French painting
- Characteristics:
- Light and its reflection
- Quickly painted surfaces
- Dots, dashes, commas, and other short brushstrokes
- Bright pure colors and separating them
- Modern life as the subject matter
- Important artists:
- Monet
- Edouard Manet
- Edgar Degas
- Pierre August Renoir
- Rodin
Neo-Impressionism
- Movement in French painting
- Characteristics:
- Systematic calculation and scientific theory
- Pointillism technique
- Artists:
- George Pierre Seurat
Symbolism
- Movement providing an intellectual alternative to the purely visual painting of the Impressionists
- Artists:
- Paul Gaugain
- Edvard Munch
- James Ensor
- Gustav Klimt
Synthetism
- Theory of art that posted works of art ought to blend three primary elements:
- The outward appearance of the subject
- The artist's emotional reaction to the subject
- Artistic choices of color, form, and line
- Artists:
- Paul Cezanne
Fauvism
- Movement in French painting
- Characteristics:
- Use of bold and spontaneous brushstrokes
- Brilliant colors
- Depiction of wild animals
- Artists:
- Henri Matisse
- André Derain
Arts and Crafts Movement
- Reaction against the poor quality of mass-produced goods
- Valuing craftsmanship over mass production
- Key characteristics:
- Rejection of machine frames and steel frames
- Use of wood, stone, and other natural materials
- Designs were often simple and functional
- Architectural landmarks:
- The Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh
- The Red House by Philip Webb
Art Nouveau
- Style of fine and applied arts
- Characteristics:
- Fluid and undulating motifs often derived from nature
- Use of sinuous, organic lines
- Versions:
- Style Guimard in France
- Stile Floreale in Italy
- Stile Liberty in Great Britain
- Modernismo in Spain
- Sezessionsstil in Austria
- Jugendstijl in German-speaking countries
- Architectural landmarks:
- Hotel Tassel, Brussels by Victor Horta
- Casa Mila, Barcelona by Antoni Gaudi
Art Deco
- Style of decorative art
- Characteristics:
- Geometric motifs
- Streamlined and curvilinear forms
- Sharply-defined outlines
- Often bold colors
- Use of synthetic materials
- Architectural landmarks:
- The Sagrada Familia, Barcelona by Antoni Gaudi
- Paris Metro Entrances by Hector Guimard
- Chrysler Building, New York City
- The Empire State Building, New York City
Expressionism
- Opposition to academic standards
- Emphasized artists' subjective emotion
- General features:
- Representational accuracy is sacrificed
- Strong outlines and bold colors
- Compositions tend to be simpler and more direct
- Thick impasto paint, loose, freely applied brushstrokes, and occasional symbolism
- Important artists:
- Vincent Van Gogh
- Edward Munch
- Egon Schiele
- Franz Marc
Abstraction
- Movement of conscious and methodological destruction of particular and recognizable in appearance
- Artistic elimination of rational visual association
- Important artists:
- Wassily Kandinsky
- Kazimir Malevich
- Piet Mondrian
Cubism
- Showed objects in their basic geometric shapes
- Important artists:
- Georges Braque
- Pablo Picasso
- Juan Gris
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Description
This quiz covers various architectural styles of early American houses, including half-timbering, New England Hall and Parlor, Garrison Colonial, and New England Saltbox. Learn about the characteristics of each style and their evolution.
