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## History of Art and Architecture ### XXII. Fauvism Fauvism means "wild beast" in French and is a movement that began in France towards the beginning of the 20th Century. It is characterized by the use of bold and spontaneous brushstrokes, brilliant colors and the depiction of wild animals. ##...

## History of Art and Architecture ### XXII. Fauvism Fauvism means "wild beast" in French and is a movement that began in France towards the beginning of the 20th Century. It is characterized by the use of bold and spontaneous brushstrokes, brilliant colors and the depiction of wild animals. ### A. Henri Matisse Known for his decorative style in which he used flat patterns and pure color. Henri Matisse was the leader of the Fauvist movement. #### **Works:** - Le Luxe II - Large Red Interior/The Red Studio ### XXIII. Arts and Crafts Movement The Arts and Crafts Movement began in England in the 1860s, because of the poor quality of mass-produced goods. It was a reaction against this trend, valuing craftsmanship over mass production. This movement saw craft and decoration as a whole, and the movement focused on hand-making decorative and utilitarian items. #### Key characteristics of Arts and Crafts Architecture: - Architects rejected the use of machine frames and steel frames as well as reinforced concrete. - They preferred the use of wood, stone, and other natural materials. - Designs were often simple and functional. ### A. Architectural Landmarks **1. The Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh** This is a towering rectangular block, with minimal decoration. It is a strong example of the Arts and Crafts movement, as it breaks away from the traditional methods of architectural adornment. **2. The Red House by Philip Webb** This building is considered an important example of the Arts and Crafts Movement, as it was built in its early phases. It showcases elements of the movement: - It expresses the surface textures of simple materials like stone and tile. - It has an asymmetrical and quaint composition. ### XXIV. Art Nouveau This is a style of fine and applied arts prevalent between 1880–1914 that is characterized by fluid and undulating motifs often derived from nature. ### A. Versions of Art Nouveau - **Style Guimard in France:** This style is associated with the architect Hector Guimard. - **Stile Floreale (floral style) in Italy:** This style is inspired by nature. - **Stile Liberty in Great Britain:** This style is associated with the British designer and craftsman Arthur Lasen by Liberty from the firm Liberty and Co. - **Modernismo in Spain:** This style is known as Catalan modernism. - **Sezessionsstil (Vienna Secession) in Austria:** This style is also known as Viennese modernism. - **Jugendstijl in German-speaking countries:** This style was also known as "Youth Style." It was a reaction against the academic traditions of the 19th century and was a time of great experimentation in the arts. ### B. Important Landmarks This section lists various landmarks and buildings in different countries that are important examples of Art Nouveau. ### -Raphaelite Movement - Championed the cause of craftsmen and encouraged a return to the skillful crafts like weaving and hand-printing. - Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh: The style of the Glasgow School of Art is an austere statement that uses almost no decoration. This is a major break from traditional methods of architectural adornment.