Introduction to Psychology of Trauma PDF

Introduction to Psychology of Trauma Larysa Zasiekina [email protected]  Reading lists on ELE Links to NIMH on ELE  Psychotrauma Why When How Examples  Why are people attracted by trauma?...

Introduction to Psychology of Trauma Larysa Zasiekina [email protected]  Reading lists on ELE Links to NIMH on ELE  Psychotrauma Why When How Examples  Why are people attracted by trauma? The pain of pleasure and pleasure of pain (van der Kolk, 2014). Jean-Martin Charcot Trauma as a critical factor in the development of psychological and physical symptoms, particularly those seen in hysteria and other mental disorders. The Vietnam War provided a large cohort for studying trauma, leading to the development of the trauma paradigm  What is psychotrauma? Trauma is overwhelming event that impedes a person's sense of control and natural adaptation to daily life, which then can lead to internalised maladaptive response(s). Judith Herman (1992) Control??? Something bad is about to happen I am in danger right now. The world isn’t safe. It’s my fault this happened.  PTSD symptoms=Maladaptive Behaviour Intrusive symptoms Avoidance symptoms (cat Teddy) Negative alterations in cognition and mood Arousal and reactivity symptoms Marine Sergeant Terry Pulaski (A dog named Duke, 2012)  Does trauma always result in PTSD? Severeness of trauma. Personal resources. Social support. J. Herman, 2023 Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) ecological circles Types of Trauma  Trauma through ecological lens Many times, trauma in a person decontextualized over time, can look like personality. Trauma in a family decontextualized over time can look like family traits, trauma decontextualized in a people over time can look like culture. Resmaa Menakem, 2020  Genocide or Crime against Humanity Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, Rafael Lemkin racial or religious group The United Nations Genocide Convention (1948) Hersch Lauterpacht  Clinical vs social consequences of intergentrational Genocidal trauma: Individual and transmission of genocidal social consequences of assault on trauma the mental and physical life of a group Novel assessment and intervention of genocidal trauma 1. Females are the main translaters of family trauma to their children. 2. There are the effects of genocidal trauma (the Holodomor and the Holocaust) on developing PTSD under continious traumatic stress Rembrandt (1635) Two women teach the child to walk  Moral Injury Definition Symptomology Measurement Neural underpinning Harold Koening Bret Litz Treatment Jonathan Shay Tom’s case: Lessons from Vietnam Veterans (Part 21, #1)  Moral Injury Trolley problem- utilitarianism-outcome maximization Footbridge problem- deontology Greene (2014)dlPFC vs vmPFC moral laws Crockett et al. (2010, 2017) 5-HT ❖ Political ideas vs actual experience (Sent to fight a war that no one wants to win). ❖ Myth of war vs reality of war (The experience of war is the opposite of what was thought to be honorable, true, and virtuous). ❖ Religious belief vs military (You can’t love your enemies and do a good job of killing them). ❖ Dead vs alive (The problem wasn’t that I died but that I didn’t). Zasiekina, L. et al. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorder and moral injury among Ukrainian civilians during the ongoing war. Journal of Community Health, 48(5), 784-792.  Continuous Traumatic Stress and Complex PTSD Goral et al. (2021). Development and validation of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response scale (CTSR) among adults exposed to ongoing security threats. Zasiekina, L. (2024). Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of The Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale: Ukrainian version. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 11(1), 156-171.  Brain and Evidence-Based Protocols TF-CBT (Ehler & Clark, 2008) EMDR (Shapiro, 1997) RTM (Bourke, 2006) https://thertmprotocol.com/ Noam Saul’s case: Running of your life the anatomy of survival (Part 2, #4) ✓ Calibration = pairing observation to client’s emotional state ✓ Sensory Acuity = Direct observation ✓ What you see, hear and feel You can’t see the wind. You can see and feel and hear its effects. Sensory Acuity in Building Therapeutic Alliance  TF-CBT Recognition Planning future Integration Stabilisation  The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Youth Mental Health (August 2024) “The worsening global youth mental health crises provides on unprecedented opportunity to societies and communities around the world to dramatically improve quality of life and improve social cohesion and economic productivity. These outcomes can be achieved through …giving top priority to mental health pf young people”. Programs addressing social-economic determinants of mental health Community education and development Digital mental health platforms Early detection and screening programs Prevention programs (anti-bulling, anti-maltreatment)  Summary Psychotrauma refers to the psychological impact of a traumatic event. PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) is a mental health disorder, first classified in 1980 in the DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition). There are different types of psychotrauma based on: Duration of exposure Frequency of occurrence Direct vs. indirect exposure Scope of involvement Evidence-based protocols for trauma therapy are grounded in understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms of PTSD. Currently, there is an increasing focus on non-invasive, ecological and community- based treatment approaches.