Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a defining characteristic of trauma according to Judith Herman?
What is a defining characteristic of trauma according to Judith Herman?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with PTSD?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with PTSD?
What factor does NOT influence whether trauma always results in PTSD?
What factor does NOT influence whether trauma always results in PTSD?
Why are people attracted to trauma as stated in the content?
Why are people attracted to trauma as stated in the content?
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How is trauma viewed through an ecological lens?
How is trauma viewed through an ecological lens?
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What is a key component of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale (CTSR)?
What is a key component of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response Scale (CTSR)?
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Which therapeutic approach is specific for treating PTSD in children?
Which therapeutic approach is specific for treating PTSD in children?
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What does 'Calibration' refer to in building therapeutic alliances?
What does 'Calibration' refer to in building therapeutic alliances?
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What distinguishes PTSD from other types of psychotrauma?
What distinguishes PTSD from other types of psychotrauma?
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Which of the following is NOT a focus area for the Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Youth Mental Health?
Which of the following is NOT a focus area for the Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Youth Mental Health?
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Which therapy was introduced by Ehler & Clark in 2008 for PTSD treatment?
Which therapy was introduced by Ehler & Clark in 2008 for PTSD treatment?
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How does 'Sensory Acuity' play a role in therapy?
How does 'Sensory Acuity' play a role in therapy?
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What is the main argument presented in the Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health?
What is the main argument presented in the Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health?
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What is the intent behind acts classified as genocide according to the United Nations Genocide Convention?
What is the intent behind acts classified as genocide according to the United Nations Genocide Convention?
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Which statement about the transmission of genocidal trauma is true?
Which statement about the transmission of genocidal trauma is true?
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Which of the following is considered a clinical consequence of genocidal trauma?
Which of the following is considered a clinical consequence of genocidal trauma?
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What does 'moral injury' relate to in the context of military experiences?
What does 'moral injury' relate to in the context of military experiences?
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What does the trolley problem illustrate in ethical discussions?
What does the trolley problem illustrate in ethical discussions?
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How does the experience of war often contradict the myth of war as portrayed in society?
How does the experience of war often contradict the myth of war as portrayed in society?
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What is a significant challenge highlighted in the conflict between religious belief and military duties?
What is a significant challenge highlighted in the conflict between religious belief and military duties?
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What common theme relates to the experiences of veterans returning from combat, according to the content provided?
What common theme relates to the experiences of veterans returning from combat, according to the content provided?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology of Trauma
- The presentation covers introductory material on the psychology of trauma
- Resources for further reading and information are available on the ELE (Exeter Learning Environment) platform
- Links to the NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) are also available on ELE
Psychotrauma
- The presentation outlines psychotrauma by investigating Why, When, How, and Examples
- The presentation notes the topic of why people are attracted to trauma, referencing van der Kolk (2014) who explored pain and pleasure of pain
International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS)
- The presentation details the 40th Annual Meeting of the ISTSS, taking place in Boston, Mass., from September 25-28, 2024
- The program includes keynotes and sessions related to traumatic stress, such as dealing with firearm injuries and the use of psychedelics in PTSD treatment, alongside topics such as trauma memories and the relationship between the brain and trauma
Key Historical Figures and Trauma
- Jean-Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet were influential figures in understanding trauma as a factor in psychological and physical symptoms
- The presentations notes their work, specifically referencing their work on hysteria and other mental disorders.
- The Vietnam War provided a large sample for studying trauma, aiding in the development of a paradigm for understanding trauma
Wars Ranked by Death Toll (1800-2011)
- World War II had the highest death toll (7.11 million), followed by World War I (21.06 million) in conventional wars.
What is Psychotrauma?
- Psychotrauma is a devastating event that alters an individual’s capacity for emotional and psychological adaptation
- A key factor is the sense of loss of control, impacting daily life and leading to internalised maladaptive responses (Herman, 1992)
Control???
- Common thoughts that emerge post-trauma are the belief something bad will happen, being in immediate danger, the world is a dangerous place, and the feeling of taking responsibility for the event
PTSD Symptoms
- Symptoms of PTSD include intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, negative thoughts and moods, and arousal problems (Marine Sergeant Terry Pulaski, 2012)
Factors Influencing PTSD Development
- Trauma severity, personal resources, and social support influence the development of PTSD (J. Herman, 2023)
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Circles
- Bronfenbrenner (1977) ecological systems theory frameworks are outlined with visual circular models, depicting the concept of interconnected systems affecting an individual, influencing mental health by highlighting influences like family, broader environment, and societal factors, which can either reinforce or mitigate the impact of trauma.
Types of Trauma
- Trauma can be categorized based on duration (acute or chronic), frequency (single or multiple), source (direct, indirect, or vicarious), and scope (individual or collective).
- Examples cited include: car accidents, military combat, domestic violence, shared traumatic experiences, genocidal trauma, historical trauma, and trauma of identity.
Trauma Through Ecological Lens
- Understanding trauma needs contextualization, taking into account the effect of broader social, cultural, and familial factors (Resmaa Menakem, 2020)
Genocide or Crime Against Humanity
- Acts committed with intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as defined by the United Nations Genocide Convention (1948)
Genocidal Trauma
- Genocidal trauma impacts individual and social lives, affecting mental health, physical health associated with the violence experienced, experienced by the group or family
Other Factors and Outcomes in Trauma
- Women frequently transmit family trauma to their children (effects of the Holodomor, Holocaust trauma and developing PTSD related to continuous traumatic stress)
- Moral injury is a form of trauma associated with violating one's moral compass, including definitions, symptomology, measurement and neural underpinnings, and treatments.
Tom's Case: Lessons from Vietnam Veterans (Part 21, #1)
- Case study of Vietnam War veterans exploring the effects of trauma, particularly Noam Saul's case
Moral Injury
- The presentation discusses the trolley problem and the footbridge problem, illustrating moral dilemma in decision making, noting the utilitarian and deontological ethical perspectives, as presented by Greene (2014), Crockett et al. (2010, 2017)
Political Ideas vs Actual Experience of War
- War is shown to be drastically different from popular ideologies about war, including the belief that the war will result in victory, misconceptions of war as noble behavior, contrasting religious beliefs with the actuality of combat, and the complex human experience of war and the need to reconcile the moral dilemma in combat
Moral Injury (MISS)
- Moral Injury among civilians in Ukraine during the 2022 war is a critical topic discussed, with data showing impact. (Zasiekina et al., 2023)
Continuous Traumatic Stress Response
- A discussion of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response (CTSR) and Complex PTSD scales, particularly the development and cross cultural adaptation and validation of the scale.
Brain and Evidence-Based Protocols
- Presentation outlining protocols for trauma therapy based on brain function.
- Topics covered include TF-CBT, EMDR, RTM and associated theories/studies
Noam Saul's case: running of your life case
Calibration and Sensory Acuity
- The importance of observation is stressed in understanding client emotional states and sensory details.
- Emphasized in building a therapeutic alliance; recognizing sensory information as vital for a successful therapeutic relationship.
TF-CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy):
- The presentation discusses a framework for treating trauma by recognizing symptoms, planning for the future, integrating trauma experience with present life and stabilizing the individual following trauma
The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Youth Mental Health (August 2024):
- The presentation notes the growing concern for youth mental health, highlighting programs focused on addressing social-economic factors, community education, digital support platforms for detecting mental health issues early, along with programmes focused on preventing violence against these individuals, like bullying and maltreatment.
Summary of Psychotrauma
- Psychotrauma is the psychological response to a traumatic event, leading to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
- Trauma classifications, treatment protocols, neural underpinnings, and current approaches for community support are highlighted.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of the psychology of trauma, exploring key concepts and resources for further reading. It delves into psychotrauma, including various aspects such as the attraction to trauma and notable findings from researchers like van der Kolk. Additionally, it highlights important upcoming events such as the ISTSS Annual Meeting, focusing on contemporary issues in traumatic stress.
