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Which of the following is NOT considered an element of abnormality? - a\) Statistical rarity - b\) Deviance - c\) Cultural conformity - d\) Distress - e\) Dysfunction Which government initiative improved access to mental health care in Australia? - a\) Mental Health First Aid -...

Which of the following is NOT considered an element of abnormality? - a\) Statistical rarity - b\) Deviance - c\) Cultural conformity - d\) Distress - e\) Dysfunction Which government initiative improved access to mental health care in Australia? - a\) Mental Health First Aid - b\) Better Access to Mental Health Care - c\) National Mental Health Strategy - d\) Beyond Blue - e\) Lifeline The DSM-5 defines mental disorder as a syndrome characterized by all EXCEPT: - a\) Clinically significant disturbance - b\) Dysfunction in mental functioning - c\) Significant distress or disability - d\) Culturally approved response to common stressors - e\) Socially deviant behavior without dysfunction Who was the first Professor of Psychology in Australia? - a\) Henry Tasman Lovell - b\) Carl Jung - c\) Sigmund Freud - d\) Alfred Adler - e\) Karen Horney Which of the following is an element of the \'three Ds\' used to define abnormality? - a\) Distress - b\) Deviation - c\) Dysfunction - d\) Disorder - e\) Depression Which term is used to describe behavior that interferes with a person's ability to meet everyday requirements? - a\) Distress - b\) Dysfunction - c\) Deviance - d\) Disability - e\) Disorder Which of the following perspectives is considered the oldest and currently dominant approach to understanding mental disorders? - a\) Psychological perspective - b\) Sociocultural perspective - c\) Biological perspective - d\) Cognitive perspective - e\) Humanistic perspective According to Wakefield, what two components are involved in the concept of mental disorder? - a\) Biological and psychological - b\) Dysfunction and harm - c\) Distress and disability - d\) Social deviance and non-conformity - e\) Cognitive and emotional Which of the following is NOT one of the defense mechanisms proposed by psychoanalytic theory? - a\) Repression - b\) Denial - c\) Projection - d\) Rationalization - e\) Normalization Which stage in Freud\'s psychosexual development theory involves the Oedipus complex? - a\) Oral stage - b\) Anal stage - c\) Phallic stage - d\) Latency stage - e\) Genital stage 11. Which defense mechanism involves attributing one\'s own unacceptable thoughts to another person? - a\) Repression - b\) Denial - c\) Projection - d\) Rationalization - e\) Displacement 12. What is the primary motivation of human behavior according to the object relations theory? - a\) Survival - b\) Power - c\) Relationships - d\) Wealth - e\) Knowledge 13. Which term describes the inability to produce meaningful speech due to brain damage? - a\) Receptive aphasia - b\) Expressive aphasia - c\) Global aphasia - d\) Broca\'s aphasia - e\) Wernicke\'s aphasia 14. Which defense mechanism is described as acting in a way that is the exact opposite of one\'s true impulses? - a\) Repression - b\) Denial - c\) Projection - d\) Rationalization - e\) Reaction formation 15. Which of the following is a limitation of the distress criterion in defining abnormality? - a\) Not all individuals with distress seek treatment - b\) Distress is easily measurable - c\) All distress indicates abnormality - d\) Distress is not influenced by societal norms - e\) Distress cannot coexist with happiness 16. Which element of abnormality includes behaviors that are statistically rare but positively valued by society? - a\) Distress - b\) Deviance - c\) Dysfunction - d\) Rarity - e\) Normalcy 17. Which term refers to the socially approved response to common stressors or losses? - a\) Mental disorder - b\) Cultural response - c\) Social norm - d\) Expected response - e\) Psychopathology 18. What did Henry Tasman Lovell contribute to the field of psychology in Australia? - a\) Developed the DSM-5 - b\) Founded the first mental health clinic - c\) Became the first Professor of Psychology - d\) Created the Better Access to Mental Health Care program - e\) Wrote \"Studies on Hysteria\" 19. The Better Access to Mental Health Care program was introduced by the Australian Government in which year? - a\) 2000 - b\) 2006 - c\) 2010 - d\) 2015 - e\) 2020 20. Which of the following is NOT a proposed limitation of the Better Access program? - a\) Reduced number of Medicare-supported sessions - b\) High success rate among clients - c\) Inadequate sessions for some disorders - d\) Challenges with client care - e\) Long waiting periods for public mental health services 21. Which of the following is NOT an approach to understanding mental disorders? - a\) Biological perspective - b\) Psychological perspective - c\) Sociocultural perspective - d\) Astrological perspective - e\) Cognitive perspective 22. Which of the following statements is NOT true about statistical rarity as a criterion for abnormality? - a\) It includes positive deviations - b\) It considers behaviors found rarely in society - c\) It can define all mental disorders - d\) It includes individuals like Mozart as abnormal - e\) It is solely sufficient for defining abnormality 23. Which defense mechanism involves redirecting unacceptable impulses to acceptable activities? - a\) Repression - b\) Denial - c\) Projection - d\) Sublimation - e\) Displacement 24. Which of the following does NOT describe the DSM-5\'s view of mental disorders? - a\) Syndrome with significant disturbance - b\) Dysfunction in mental processes - c\) Socially deviant behavior without dysfunction - d\) Clinically significant distress or disability - e\) Culturally approved response 25. Which term refers to the inability to understand speech due to brain damage? - a\) Expressive aphasia - b\) Receptive aphasia - c\) Global aphasia - d\) Broca\'s aphasia - e\) Wernicke\'s aphasia 26. The process by which the mind keeps distressing thoughts unconscious is called: - a\) Displacement - b\) Sublimation - c\) Repression - d\) Rationalization - e\) Denial 27. What is the primary focus of the phallic stage in psychosexual development? - a\) Oral gratification - b\) Toilet training - c\) Genital pleasure - d\) Latent desires - e\) Parental attachment 28. Which of the following is NOT a challenge highlighted in the \'Ten Years of Better Access\' report? - a\) Reduced maximum sessions - b\) Difficulty in achieving adequate client care - c\) Proposal to limit access to moderate disorders - d\) Successful treatment for psychological problems - e\) Inadequate training for practitioners 29. Which term is used for behaviors negatively evaluated by society? - a\) Statistical rarity - b\) Deviance - c\) Distress - d\) Dysfunction - e\) Disorder 30. The ability to meet the requirements of everyday life is assessed by which criterion of abnormality? - a\) Distress - b\) Deviance - c\) Dysfunction - d\) Disorder - e\) Disability 31. What is the primary feature of anxiety disorders? - a\) Absence of fear - b\) Intense, disproportionate anxiety - c\) Lack of bodily symptoms - d\) Decreased respiration rate - e\) Reduced muscle tension 32. Which survey found that 45% of Australians experience a mental disorder in their lifetime? - a\) The Global Mental Health Survey - b\) The National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing - c\) The Australian Mental Health Census - d\) The Australian Bureau of Statistics Report - e\) The Mission Australia Survey 33. Which model describes fear as a \'true alarm\' response to danger? - a\) The Double Vulnerability Model - b\) The Fight or Flight Model - c\) The True Alarm Model - d\) Barlow's Triple Vulnerability Model - e\) Cannon's Fight or Flight Response 34. Barlow's Triple Vulnerability Model includes all except: - a\) Generalized biological vulnerability - b\) Specific psychological vulnerability - c\) Social environmental vulnerability - d\) Generalized psychological vulnerability - e\) None of the above 35. Which of the following is not one of the diagnostic criteria for specific phobias according to DSM-5? - a\) Fear is marked and consistent - b\) Fear is disproportionate to the actual danger - c\) Fear is restricted to social situations - d\) Fear causes emotional, social, or occupational disruption - e\) Fear lasts for at least six months 36. Which of the following is not a subtype of specific phobia? - a\) Animal - b\) Natural environment - c\) Social interaction - d\) Blood, injection, injury - e\) Situational 37. Which disorder is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks? - a\) Generalized anxiety disorder - b\) Panic disorder - c\) Social anxiety disorder - d\) Agoraphobia - e\) Specific phobia 38. The DSM-5 specifies that agoraphobia must involve anxiety about how many situations? - a\) One - b\) Two - c\) Three - d\) Four - e\) Five 39. Which is not a symptom of a panic attack? - a\) Sweating - b\) Choking sensation - c\) Euphoria - d\) Trembling - e\) Shortness of breath 40. Which of the following is not a common component of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders? - a\) Psychoeducation - b\) Exposure therapy - c\) Cognitive restructuring - d\) Medication management - e\) Relaxation training 41. Which statement is incorrect about social anxiety disorder? - a\) It involves marked fear in social situations - b\) It is also known as social phobia - c\) It always develops in adulthood - d\) It includes fear of negative evaluation by others - e\) It can be treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy 42. Which therapy technique involves confronting feared stimuli in real life? - a\) Imaginal exposure - b\) In vivo exposure - c\) Virtual reality exposure - d\) Cognitive restructuring - e\) Psychoeducation 43. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by: - a\) Fear of specific objects - b\) Worry about a wide range of events - c\) Panic attacks - d\) Avoidance of social situations - e\) Flashbacks of traumatic events 44. Which of the following is not a symptom associated with generalized anxiety disorder? - a\) Muscle tension - b\) Sleep problems - c\) Difficulty concentrating - d\) Euphoria - e\) Irritability 45. Which is true about the epidemiology of social anxiety disorder? - a\) It is more common in men than women - b\) It is the rarest anxiety disorder - c\) It often begins before the age of 12 - d\) It typically resolves without treatment - e\) It is always comorbid with depression 46. Which is not a treatment for panic disorder? - a\) Tricyclic antidepressants - b\) Benzodiazepines - c\) Exposure therapy - d\) Herbal supplements - e\) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 47. True or False: Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about only one specific area. - a\) True - b\) False 48. What percentage of individuals with anxiety disorders seek treatment? - a\) 10% - b\) 20% - c\) 50% - d\) 70% - e\) 90% 49. Which disorder involves fear of being in places where escape might be difficult? - a\) Panic disorder - b\) Generalized anxiety disorder - c\) Social anxiety disorder - d\) Agoraphobia - e\) Specific phobia 50. The nature of anxiety disorders includes all except: - a\) Bodily symptoms - b\) Cognitive symptoms - c\) Behavioral symptoms - d\) Emotional numbness - e\) Perception of threat 51. According to the DSM-5, specific phobia must involve a fear that is: - a\) Mild and short-lived - b\) Persistent and intense - c\) Restricted to one situation - d\) Controlled with medication - e\) Easily ignored 52. Which statement is true about the triple vulnerability model? - a\) It includes only psychological factors - b\) It was developed by Cannon - c\) It involves biological, generalized psychological, and specific psychological vulnerabilities - d\) It is not related to anxiety disorders - e\) It excludes genetic factors 53. Double Negative: It is not uncommon for individuals with social anxiety disorder to not seek treatment for: - a\) Fear of dogs - b\) Fear of closed spaces - c\) Fear of public speaking - d\) Fear of flying - e\) Fear of heights 54. Which is a common technique used in CBT for anxiety disorders? - a\) Avoidance training - b\) Positive reinforcement - c\) Relaxation exercises - d\) Hypnosis - e\) Medication administration 55. Which is a key characteristic of panic disorder? - a\) Chronic worry - b\) Flashbacks - c\) Recurrent panic attacks - d\) Social withdrawal - e\) Specific phobias 56. Double Negative: Generalized anxiety disorder is not characterized by a lack of: - a\) Worry - b\) Muscle tension - c\) Sleep disturbances - d\) Concentration difficulties - e\) Irritability 57. Which is a biological factor associated with anxiety disorders? - a\) Negative reinforcement - b\) Avoidance behavior - c\) Genetic predisposition - d\) Social learning - e\) Cognitive distortions 58. Double Negative: It is not unusual for specific phobias to not involve: - a\) Fear of heights - b\) Fear of animals - c\) Fear of water - d\) Fear of social situations - e\) Fear of blood 59. Which factor is least likely to contribute to social anxiety disorder? - a\) Excessive parental criticism - b\) Positive self-esteem - c\) Cognitive distortions - d\) Genetic vulnerability - e\) Social withdrawal 60. Which is true about the treatment of specific phobias? - a\) Medication is the primary treatment - b\) Cognitive-behavioral therapy is ineffective - c\) Exposure therapy is highly effective - d\) Hypnosis is the most effective treatment - e\) Treatment is rarely needed