Module-3-Computer-Hardware%202.pdf

THE BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE Input Devices  These are devices that accept input (data and instructions) from the user or from another computer system. Keyboard  It is similar to a typewriter but has special buttons or keys that signify a command. It is used to enter data and command...

THE BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE Input Devices  These are devices that accept input (data and instructions) from the user or from another computer system. Keyboard  It is similar to a typewriter but has special buttons or keys that signify a command. It is used to enter data and commands into the computer. Alphanumeric Keypad PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD:  These parts have keys similar to a typewriter that allows the user to type letters, numbers and punctuations. Numeric Keypad PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD:  It has a set of keys numbered zero to nine (0 – 9) and several mathematical keys labeled +, -, *, /. It can be used in three ways: cursor movement, editing and calculating. Cursor Keys PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD:  These are keys with arrows pointing up, down, left, and right, as well as keys labeled Page Up, Page Down, Home, End, Insert, Delete, Print Screen Sys Rq, Scroll Lock, and Pause or Break. Function Keys PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD:  They are found at the upper part of the keyboard. These keys can perform special functions on different programs. Escape Key PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: Special Keys  It is used to exit programs quickly. It is one of the Function keys and you will find it on the upper left part of the keyboard. Caps Lock Key PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: Special Keys  It is a part of the Alphanumeric keys. When you press this key, all the letters that you type will be displayed in capital letters. Shift Key PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: Special Keys  When you press a letter while holding down this key, the key appears on the screen as a big letter (Uppercase), since letters appear on the screen in small letters (lowercase) when typing. Ctrl & Alt Keys PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: Special Keys  These keys are called combination keys because they only function when combined with other keys. Enter Key PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: Special Keys  Pressing this key allows the computer to execute the commands you have given. Backspace Key PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: Special Keys  Pressing this key will erase the character on the left side of the cursor one by one. Status Lights PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD:  It can be found at the upper right corner of the keyboard. It indicates whether the Num Lock, Caps Lock or the Scroll Lock is activated or not. Mouse  It is a box-like input device connected to a long wire. This device controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a display screen. Pointing FUNCTIONS OF THE MOUSE:  It means moving the tip of the mouse pointer over an object on the screen. Clicking FUNCTIONS OF THE MOUSE:  It is pressing the left mouse button once while the pointer is over an object. Double Clicking FUNCTIONS OF THE MOUSE:  It is pressing the left mouse button twice and fast. Dragging FUNCTIONS OF THE MOUSE:  It moving an object from one place to another. Right Clicking FUNCTIONS OF THE MOUSE:  It is pressing the right mouse button while the pointer is over an object. Trackball  It is a mouse lying on its back. To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. It is stationary so it does not require much space to use it. Light Pen  An input device that utilizes a light- sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen. It can move the pointer and selects objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen. Touch Screen  It is a type of display screen that has a touch- sensitive transparent panel covering the screen that allows a user to enter data or instruction by simply touching a location on the screen using his/her finger or any other nontransparent object instead of using a pointing device. Touch Tablet  It is used by designers, engineers, and artists for drawing or designing a particular object. Barcode Reader  It uses light rays to read a product code for the purpose of easy inventory and monitoring of product movements and status. Wand Reader  It uses laser beams to read special numbers, letters or symbols such as the machines that you see in the supermarket recognizing the bar codes of each items by jest scanning it with the reader. Scanner  It is a device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translate information into a form the computer can use. It can be used to capture photos, art and text transferring it into digital form. Digital Camera  It looks like an ordinary camera that can capture snapshots of the real images and stores bit patterns on disks or other digital storage devices. Audio Digitizer  It contains circuitry to digitize sounds from microphones and can be stored into a computer’s memory or storage device. Sensing Devices  These are designed specifically to monitor temperature, pressure, and humidity which are then used in scientific research and application, robotics, medical monitoring, weather forecasting, and environment climate control. Temperature & Humidity Monitoring Device  Blood Pressure Monitoring Device  Weather Monitoring Device Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware System Unit  The electronic circuitry that is housed within the computer where processing happens. Power Switch EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It switches the computer on and off. It is found in front of the system Unit. Reset Switch EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It makes the computer start all over again without turning it off. It allows you to restart the computer especially when the system hangs up or crashes. Casing EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  The shell or cover that protects the internal parts. LED (Light Emitting Diode) EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  These are lights in front of the System Unit. Ports EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  These are holes at the back of the System Unit that allows transfer of data. Microprocessor or Central Processing Unit Internal Parts of the System Unit:  It is actually the heart or brain of the computer. It carries out and performs most of the instructions from either user or software. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) MAIN PARTS OF THE CPU:  It carries out arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and logic or comparison operations. It has direct I/O access to main memory, process controller and I/O devices. Control Unit (CU) MAIN PARTS OF THE CPU:  A part that directs the entire operation of the CPU. It is responsible or fetching, decoding, executing and storing information or instructions. Registers MAIN PARTS OF THE CPU:  One of a small set of data holding places that is part of a computer microprocessor and that provides a place for passing data from one instruction to the next sequential instruction or to another program that the operating system has just given control to. Cards INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It acts as interpreters between the user and the computer. Sound Card Video Card Network Card Game Card Memory Card Motherboard INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It is the main circuit board that contains the central processing unit for the computer, memory, and sometimes printer ports or other devices. Port SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  A socket at the back of a computer used to plug in external devices such as a modem, mouse, scanner, or printer. Memory Slot SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  A socket on the system board that contains the memory module which in turn holds the memory chips. Chipsets SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  A group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together for some special function. Cache Memory SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  A high-speed buffer storage that is smaller than the main storage which temporarily stores instructions and data from the main storage that will likely be used next by the CPU. Jumpers SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  A pair of prongs that are electrical contact points set into the computer motherboard or an adapter card. Processor Socket SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  It holds the main chip of the compute which is the central processing unit. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) chip SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  Acts an interface between the hardware and the operating system. It is also responsible for allowing you to control your computer’s hardware settings, for booting up the machine when you turn on the power or hit the reset button, and various other system functions. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chip SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS:  It holds the real-time clock that keeps the date and time on your PC, as well as the CMOD RAM that holds your PC’s BIOS settings. It is powered by the PC’s built in battery when the computer is off. Hard Disk INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  Acts like a giant floppy disk drive that can store a lot of data and information. Power Supply INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It gives the System Unit enough power in processing. Fan INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It keeps the CPU cool inside. Speaker INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  It is where sounds from different software are heard. Memory INTERNAL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT:  A temporary storage space of information and instructions. Output Devices  These are devices that translate and represent the processed information from the computer’s CPU into human readable forms. Monitor  A device that resembles a television screen for users to see the activities that they are doing in the computer. Main Classes of Monitor: It is made up of small picture elements called pixels. The smaller the pixels, the better the image clarity, or resolution. The disadvantage of CRT is large in size and high power consumption. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor Main Classes of Monitor: It refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and power requirement in comparison to the CRT. Flat-Panel Display Monitor Categories of Flat-Panel Display: These display devices convert electrical energy into light. Example are plasma panel and LED(Light- Emitting Diodes). Emissive Displays Categories of Flat-Panel Display: These displays use optical effects to convert sunlight or light from some other source into graphics patterns. Example is LCD(Liquid-Crystal Device). Non-Emissive Displays Types of Monitor According to Color: It actually display two colors, one for the background and one for the foreground. The colors can be black and white, green and black, or amber and black. Monochrome Types of Monitor According to Color: It is a special type of monochrome monitor capable of displaying different shades of gray. Gray-Scale Types of Monitor According to Color: It is sometimes called RGB monitor because they accept three separate signals – red, green, and blue. Color Output Devices A device that produces printed output on a paper. Most of us address this device as a “printer” but technically speaking, printer is the driver that makes the print device work towards the operating system of your computer. Print Device Kinds of Print Device: It prints text and graphics by using pinpoint-sized hammers that transfer into the paper. Dot-matrix Printer  Kinds of Print Device: It sprays an ink directly into a paper to produce images. Ink-jet Printer Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Kinds of Print Device: It uses a laser beam that creates patterns of electrical charges on a rotating drum. It works like a photocopy machine and produces high-quality print-outs. Laser Printer Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Types of Printer According to Size: It can only accommodate paper with the width of 8 ½ inches. 80 Column Paper Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Types of Printer According to Size: It can accommodate paper with an 8 ½ inch width or longer can be fed to this type of printer. 132 Column Paper Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Types of Printer According to Color: 1. Black and White 2. Colored Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Types of Printer According to Speed: It uses only 9 pins to transfer data from the system unit to the printer. 9 Pin Serial Printer Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Types of Printer According to Speed: It uses 24 pins in transferring data from the system unit to the printer. This is faster than the 9 pin serial printer because the more pins used, the faster the data travels. 24 Pin Parallel Printer Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Output Devices: A device that changes the electrical signals into a form that can be heard and understood by humans. Speaker Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Output Devices: This is used in scientific and engineering applications, since it can produce scaled drawings finely and appropriately. Plotter Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Output Devices: These are designed to generate sounds electronically. It can be used to produce music or noise. Synthesizers Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  These are devices that a computer uses to store or hold data. This is where data, instructions, and information are being kept in any form usually for the purpose of orderly retrieval and documentation. They act as input devices when they read and act as output devices when they write. Storage Devices Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Two Functions of Storage Devices: 1. Reading. The process of transferring data, instructions, and information from a storage medium into memory. 2. Writing. The process of transferring these items from memory to a storage medium. Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Kinds of Storage Devices: It is temporary area for holding data, instructions and information. It is also known as the main storage. Primary Storage Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Classification of Main Storage: This contains important instructions and information that the computer needs to perform its basic operation. It is also known as “Permanent Memory” because the instructions and information kept in it cannot be changed. Read Only Memory (ROM) Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Classification of Main Storage: This is used to store information and instructions which can be erased or changed. It is also known as “Temporary Memory” because when you turn off the computer, all information and instructions stores in it are lost and erased. Random Access Memory (RAM) Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Four Main Types of Storage Devices: A type of storage device that uses orientation of magnetized particles on an oxide-based surface to encode bits. Magnetic Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Magnetic Storage Devices: Found to be useful for so many reasons such as: storing files, transferring files from one computer to another, keeping a second copy of files from your computer and sharing your files to others. Floppy disk drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Magnetic Storage Devices: A device that holds all the information that is stored on a computer. Hard disk drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Magnetic Storage Devices: A small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and archiving personal computer files. Zip disk drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Magnetic Storage Devices: It allows large companies as well as end users to backup large amounts of data. It is a device that copies files from computer and stores information onto tape cartridges. Tape drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Four Main Types of Storage Devices: It uses patterns of pits on a transparent surface to encode bits. Optical Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Optical Storage Devices: It is a device that reads information stored on compact discs and audio compact discs for music. Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Optical Storage Devices: It is a device that reads information stored on DVD-ROM discs. Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Four Main Types of Storage Devices: It is still optical for reading and uses pits for encoding, but uses combination to allow rewriting to optical media. Magneto-Optical Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Magneto-Optical: It allows the user to record his own CD, but data cannot be overwritten once it is recorded to the disk. It is a device that records data, instruction and information onto CD-R disc. CD-R drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Magneto-Optical: It slows you to record data on CD-RW discs where data recorded on it can be change. CD-RW drive Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Four Main Types of Storage Devices: It uses a non-volatile memory array to encode bits. Solid-state Electronic Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Examples of Solid-state Electronic: Memory Cards 1. Compact Flash 2. Smart Media 3. Memory Stick Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  A device interfaced with a PC that is used to transfer information between functional units by means of data transmission according to a common protocol. It is a medium used to manage communication between two devices. Communication Devices Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Kinds of Communication Devices: An expansion board that physically connects a computer to a network and controls the flow of information between the computer and the network. Network Interface Card (NIC) Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Kinds of Communication Devices: A device which stands for Modulator/Demodulator that lets computers exchange information through telephone lines. Modem Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Kinds of Modem: A modem which is connected to the computer’s bus and which takes the form of an add-in card you insert into a free ISA slot in the motherboard. Internal Modem Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware  Kinds of Modem: A modem that is considered to be “stand-alone” and is connected to one of the computer’s serial ports. External Modem Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware Chapter 2: The Basics of Computer Hardware MIDTERM: Assignment #1 Make a compilation of computer hardware (input, process, output, storage, communication). It should include the name of the device, its description and functions, types (if there are), and an image of the device. Printed in a short coupon bond and compiled in a paper sliding folder. Submit on Tuesday, August 20, 2019. Late submission will not be accepted once the quiz has commenced.