Elements of Computer System and Basic Computer Components PDF

Elements of Computer System and Basic Computer Components Start now!  Overview Learning Objectives This module is specifically At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify and define the key el...

Elements of Computer System and Basic Computer Components Start now!  Overview Learning Objectives This module is specifically At the end of this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify and define the key elements of a computer crafted to focus on the basic system structure of computer 2. Describe the functions of basic computer system, software and components hardware of the computer. 3. Explain how the basic components of a computer system interact to perform tasks Hardware Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard, and so on, all of which are physical objects that are tangible. Software (a) System software (b) Application software (c) Operating system (d) Utility software (e) Language processors (f) Connectivity software People The most important element of a computer system is its users. They are also called live-ware of the computer system. (a) System Analysts (b) System Programmers (c) System Operators Procedures Procedure is a step by step series of instructions to perform a specific function and achieve the desired output. (a) Hardware oriented procedure (b) Software oriented procedure (c) Internal procedure Data The facts and figures that are fed into a computer for further processing are called data. Data is raw until the computer system interprets it using machine language, stores it in memory, classifies it for processing, and produces results in conformance with the instructions given to it. Processed and useful data is called information that is used for decision making. Connectivity When two or more computers are connected, they can share information and resources such as sharing of files (data/music, etc.), sharing of the printer, sharing of facilities like the internet, etc. This sharing is possible using wires, cables, satellite, infra-red, Bluetooth, microwave transmission, etc. Components of Computer  Case The computer case is a plastic or metal enclosure that houses most of the components.  Power Supply A power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer. Laptops are capable of running from a built-in battery, normally for a period of hours.  Motherboard The motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots.  INSIDE THE MOTHERBOARD CPU RAM ROM BUSES CMOS BATTERY  Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function and is sometimes referred to as the “brain” of the computer. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan. Most new CPUs include an on-die Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).  Random Access Memory (RAM) The Random-Access Memory (RAM) stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU.  Read-Only Memory (ROM) The Read-Only Memory (ROM) stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or “booting” or “booting up”. The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) includes boot firmware and power management firmware.  Buses Buses connect the CPU to various internal components and to expand cards for graphics and sound.  CMOS Battery The CMOS battery is also attached to the motherboard. This battery is the same as a watch battery or a battery for a remote to a car’s central locking system.  Expansion Cards An expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Expansions cards can be used to obtain or expand on features not offered by the motherboard.  Input Devices Output Devices Input devices allow the user to enter Output devices display information in information into the system or control a human readable form. its operation.  INPUT DEVICES KEYBOARD Most common and very popular input device which helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that a traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing additional functions. INPUT DEVICES Mouse The mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursorcontrol device having a palm-size box with around a ball at its base, which senses the movement of the mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.  INPUT DEVICES Joystick Is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions.  INPUT DEVICES Light Pen It is a pointing device similar to a pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube. INPUT DEVICES Trackball It is an input device that is mostly used in a notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball that his half inserted and by moving fingers on the ball, the pointer can be moved.  INPUT DEVICES Scanner Scanners an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of the computer for further manipulation. INPUT DEVICES Digital Digitizer It is an input that waivers analog information into digital A digitizer can convert a signal from the television or camera into a series of numbers that would be sent to the computer. They can be used by the computer to create a picture of whatever the camera had been pointed at. INPUT DEVICES Microphone The microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form. The microphone is used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.  INPUT DEVICES Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR) MICR input device is generally used in banks as the large numbers of cheques to be processed every day. The bank's code number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine-readable. INPUT DEVICES Optical Character Reader (OCR) OCR is an input device used to read a printed text. OCR scans the text optically, character by character, converts them into a chine- readable code, and stores the text on the system memory.  INPUT DEVICES Bar Code Readers Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light and dark lines). Barcoded data is generally used in labeling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.  INPUT DEVICES Optical Mark Reader (OMR) OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pea nor pencil. It is used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked. OUTPUT DEVICES Monitors Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the main output device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of pixels.  OUTPUT DEVICES Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Flat-Panel Display  OUTPUT DEVICES Printers The printer is an output device, which is used to print information on paper. There are two types of printers − Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers  IMPACT PRINTERS: CHARACTER PRINTERS Dot Matrix Printer(DMP) Daisy Wheel  IMPACT PRINTERS: LINE PRINTERS Drum Printer Chain Printer  NON-IMPACT PRINTERS Laser Printers Inkjet Printers  OUTPUT DEVICES SPEAKERS HEADSETS  PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICE As primary memory is expensive, technologies are developed to optimize its use. These are broad types of primary memory available.  RAM DRAM (Dynamic RAM) SRAM (Static RAM) Each memory cell in a DRAM is made of Each cell in SRAM is made of a flip flop one transistor and capacitors which store that stores one bit. It retains its bit till one bit of data. However, this cell starts the power supply is on and doesn’t need to losing its charge, and hence also is stored be refreshed like DRAM. It also has shorter in less than a thousandth of a second. read-write cycles as compared to DRAM.  ROM PROM (Programmable EPROM (Erasable ROM) Programmable ROM) PROM can be programmed using a EPROM can be erased and then special hardware device called a programmed using special electrical PROM programmer or PROM burner. signals or UV rays. EPROMs that can be erased using UV rays are called UV EPROM and those that can be erased using electrical signals are called EEPROM. However, handling electric signals is easier and safer than UV rays.  SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE Depending on whether the second memory device is part of the CPU or not, there are two types of secondary memory – fixed and removable.  FIXED DEVICES Hard Disk Drive CD/DVD Drive  REMOVABLE DEVICES Pen Drive/Thumb Blu Ray Disk Drive/Flash Disk STORAGE DEVICES  Historia "In the world of computers, every part plays a role, and in life, every experience shapes your story."  Historia References Bogs De Castro. (2014, June 27). Computer Hardware Servicing Learning Module v.2.0. Slideshare. https://www.slideshare.net/skyrocker0004/computer-hardware-servicing- learning-module-v20 Computer Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.jyukawa.com/documents/m1-computers-handouts.pdf Reading: Computer Hardware | Introduction to Computer Applications and Concepts. (n.d.). Courses.Lumenlearning.Com. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/zeliite115/chapter/reading-hardware-2/  Thank You! Do you have any questions? Just message me in my Moodle Account or in Messenger. Slidesgo CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Flaticon Freepik