Computer Basics Presentation PDF

Computer Operation  Learning Goals Describe why computers are important. Explain how computers work. Learning Explain the differenceGoals between computer hardware and computer software. Describe what an operating system is. ...

Computer Operation  Learning Goals Describe why computers are important. Explain how computers work. Learning Explain the differenceGoals between computer hardware and computer software. Describe what an operating system is.  Learning Goals Identify the operating system you have on your own computer and phone. Learning Goals Define office productivity and communications software. Turn on and log in to a computer. Identify parts of the computer desktop. 1. Why is it important to learn how to use a computer? 2. What is your insight about Importance the basic operation of the computer? 3. Why do we need study the basic input and output of computer? 4. What do you know about Why Use a Computer Why Use a Computer Speed Accuracy Reliability What is a Computer? An electronic device that: What data accepts is a (input), Computer? manipulates the data (process), provides output (output) and stores the results (storage). Computer Organization What is a Computer? The computer performs basically five major operations of functions irrespective of their size and make. These are 1) it accepts data or instruction What is a Computer? by way of input, 2) it stores data, 3) it can process data as required by the user, 4) it gives results in the form of output, and 5) it controls all operations inside a  Input Input Devices this is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system.  Input Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware Input Devices equipment to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance.  Input Input device Translate data Input Devices from form that humans understand to one that the computer can work with. Most common are keyboard and mouse  Input Input devices accept data Input Devices and instructions from the user. Following are the examples of various input devices, which are connected to the computer for this purpose. 1.Keyboard 2.Mouse 3.Light Pen Input Devices 4.Optical/magnetic Scanner 5.Touch Screen 6.Microphone for voice as input 7.Track Ball  Keyboard A keyboard is the most common input Inputkinds device. Several Devices of keyboards are available, but they resemble each other with minor variations. The keyboard in most common use is the QWERTY board. Generally standard keyboard has 104 keys. In these keyboards, the cursor control keys are duplicated to allow easier use of the numeric pad.  Mouse A mouse is an electro- mechanical, hand-held Input Devices device It is used as a pointer. It can perform functions like selecting menu commands, moving icons, resizing windows, starting programs, and choosing options.  Mouse The most common Input mouse uses Devices an internal, magnetically coated ball, to detect the movement of the mouse across a flat surface, usually a desktop.  Light pen An input Input device Devices that utilizes a light- sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen. A light pen is similar to a mouse except that with a light pen you can move the pointer and select objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen.  Optical Scanner These devices are used for automatic data collection. The devices of this category completely eliminate manual Input Devices input of data. For example, the bar-code reader is actually just a special type of image scanner. An image scanner translates printed images into an electronic format that can be stored in a computer’s memory, and with the right kind of software, one can alter a stored image.  Touch Screen Touch panel displays and pads are now Input Devices being offered as alternatives to keyboard. Here the input can be given through the computer screen, that accepts the input through monitor; users touch electronic buttons displayed on the screen or they may use light pen.  Microphone Input Devices Microphone is an input device, which takes voice as input. The voice communication is more error-prone than information through keyboard.  Track Ball Trackball, a pointing device, is a mouse lying on its back To move Input Devices the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons.  Track Ball The advantage of trackballs over mouse is that the trackball is Input Devices stationary so it does not require much space to use it. In addition, you can place a trackball on any type of surface, including your lap. For both these reasons, trackballs are popular pointing devices for portable computers.  Track Ball The advantage of trackballs over mouse is that the trackball is Input Devices stationary so it does not require much space to use it. In addition, you can place a trackball on any type of surface, including your lap. For both these reasons, trackballs are popular pointing devices for portable computers.  Control Unit (CU): Control operations are responsible for coordinating all the other Processing Dataoperations on the computer system. The CU carries out the control operations, ensuring that data is properly transferred, processed and stored. It retrieves and decodes each instruction in memory, and then uses this information to issue the signals necessary to coordinate operations  Control Unit (CU): The process of input, output, Processing processing and storageData is performed under the supervision of a unit called 'Control Unit'. It decides when to start receiving data, when to stop it, where to store data, etc. It takes care of step- by-step processing of all operations in side the computer.  Control Unit (CU): The CU does not process or store data, Processing but it controls Data all communications and synchronizes all operations. For this reason, it has access to all the other units on the computer system. To maintain this control, the CU includes multiple components, such as a timing unit, instruction decoder and control state generator.  Storing It is the process of saving data andData in Memory instructions in the computer system so that they are readily available for initial or intermediary processing whenever required.  Data in Memory Primary Memory  RAM Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory scheme within the computer system Data responsible for in Memory storing data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly accessed by the processor as and when needed. It is volatile in nature, which means that data will be erased once supply to the storage device is turned off.  RAM RAM stores data randomly and Data in the processor Memory accesses these data randomly from the RAM storage. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.  ROM Data ROM (Read inMemory): Only MemoryROM is a permanent form of storage. ROM stays active regardless of whether power supply to it is turned on or off. ROM devices do not allow data stored on them to be modified.  Data in Memory Secondary Memory  Secondary Memory Data in Memory Stores data and programs permanently :its retained after the power is turned off  Hard drive (HD) A hard disk is part of a unit, Data in Memory often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that store and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.  Optical Disk An optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light as Data in Memory part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders, also called burners or writers. Data in Memory REVIEW INFORMATION Input c l PROCESSING CYCLE C y ng Information Processings i e s Output Cycle oc Process P r on ti a r m Memory/Storage f o In Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The major operations performed by the ALUData are in addition, Memory subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Executes all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic calculations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation like compare numbers, letters, or special characters  Output devices An output device is any piece of Data in Memory computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human readable form  Output devices Data Output in Memory devices return processed data that is information, back to the user. Some of the commonly used output devices are:  Output devices Data (Visual 1. Monitor in Memory Display Unit) 2. Printers 3. Plotter 4. Speakers  Monitor Data in Memory Out of all the output devices, monitor is perhaps the most important output device because people interact with this device most intensively than others. Computer information is displayed, visually with a video adapter card and monitor.  Monitor Data in Memory Information processed within the CPU, that needs to be visually displayed, is sent to video adapter. The video adapter converts information from the format used, in the same manner as a television displays information sent to it by a Two basic types of monitors are used with microcomputers, which are as follows: Data in Memory 1. CRT 2. LCD Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): CRT Data in Memory or Cathode Ray Tube Monitor is the typical monitor that you see on a desktop computer. It looks a lot like a television screen, and works the same way. This type uses a large vacuum tube, called cathode ray tube (CRT).  Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD): ThisData in monitors type of Memoryare also known as flat panel monitor. Most of these employ liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to render images. These days LCD monitor are very popular.  Printer Data in Memory After a document is created on the computer, it can be sent to a printer for a hard copy (printout). Some printers offer special features such as colored and large page formats.  Printer Some ofData in Memory the most commonly used printers are: 1. Laser Printer 2. Ink Jet Printer 3. Dot Matrix Printer 4. Line Printer  Laser Printer Dataprinter A laser in Memory produces high quality print that one normally finds in publishing. It is extremely fast and quiet. Moreover, the operation of a laser printer is easy with automatic paper loading and no smudging or messing up of ink  Ink-Jet Printer: Data An ink-jet in Memory printer creates an image directly on paper by spraying ink through as many as 64 tiny nozzles. Although the image it produces is not generally quite as sharp as the output of a laser printer, the quality of ink-jet images is still high.