Luca Vujevich - A New Nation Study Guide PDF

A New Nation Study Guide Instructions: Use your class notes and packets to answer the following questions. Notes on George Washington’s Presidency 1. What is the Presidential Cabinet? A cabinet is a team of advisors that help the President govern the country. The President has always chosen the p...

A New Nation Study Guide Instructions: Use your class notes and packets to answer the following questions. Notes on George Washington’s Presidency 1. What is the Presidential Cabinet? A cabinet is a team of advisors that help the President govern the country. The President has always chosen the people in his cabinet. 2. What 4 positions were in President Washington’s Cabinet? Secretary of Treasury, Secretary of State,e Secretary of War, Attorney General 3. What matters did the Secretary of State attend to? Negotiate, interpret, and terminate treaties with foreign governments; Oversee the extradition process of fugitives to or from foreign countries. 4. What matters did the Secretary of Treasury attend to? The Secretary of the Treasury serves as a major policy advisor to the President, has primary responsibility for formulating and recommending domestic and international financial, economic, and tax policy, 5. What matters did the Secretary of War attend to? Congress created the position of Secretary of War when it established the War Department on August 7, 1789 (1 Stat. 49). In addition to overseeing military and naval affairs, the Secretary was given direct responsibility for most federal activities related to Indian affairs. 6. What matters did the Attorney General attend to? Legal advice 7. Who were the men to hold the following first positions? A. Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson B. Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton  C. Secretary of War: Henry Knox D. Attorney General:Edmund Randolph 8. What were the challenges George Washington faced as America’s first President? The Constitution gave the government much more power than the Articles of Confederation. So, how would Washington use this new power? How would Washington take out the debt that they had from the revolution? When America was a colony, the country did not have to worry about foreign countries because Britain took care of that. Now, things are different. How would Washington deal with foreign nations? As Americans moved west, they continued to have conflicts with Native Americans. How would Washington protect the Americans from these conflicts? 9. What two big things did President Washington warn the American public against during his farewell speech? avoid permanent alliances with foreign nations and to rely instead on temporary alliances for emergencies. Note Packet on Alexander Hamilton & Washington’s Ways 1. What 3 things did Hamilton’s financial plan focus on to reduce the national debt? Explain in detail what each one is and how they will help. Tariffs and additional “taxes” are placed on imported goods. Excise tax, an additional tax on domestic goods, most notably whiskey. And to establish a national bank, Gives government a place to store money. Allows the government to print money. Can issue loans and make money on interest. Can raise money by selling bonds. 2. What is the Northern-Southern Compromise? In order for the south to accept some of the north’s war debt, the capital is moved to Washington DC (on Potomac River 3. Explain the two ways to read the Constitution and which person supported which one. Strict Interpretation Government can only do what is clearly outlined in the Constitution,Government powers are defined and limited. Thomas Jefferson was using this Loose Interpretation - Constitution has many “implied” powers. there are powers that exist that aren’t mentioned - Uses the Elastic Clause (Article 1, Sect 8) to justify ideas. Alexander Hamilton was using thing 4. What does the Elastic Clause state? “Congress can make all laws necessary for the country's success.” 5. Explain what the Whiskey Rebellion is, the causes, and the effects. This whiskey is now subjected to tax under Hamilton’s Financial Plan.Farmer’s rise up in protest “Unfair taxation of a demographic.” They turn violent – tarring and feathering and burning of tax collectors homes were common! 6. What was the French Revolution and how did Washington react? During the French Revolution, the British, Austria, Russia, Prussia, and several other countries fought the French when a Parris mob revolted against them because they imposed many taxes and made living harder. They started to lack food from poor harvests. Upset at their conditions and annoyed with their King and Government, they stormed the Bastille fortress (a prison). Before this, the United States fought in the revolutionary war against Great Britain, in which they were victorious. A big reason why they won was because of the supplies, troops, and naval support from the French. This was best shown when the support of the French became large when we defeated Great Britain in the battle of Saratoga, which made the United States determined to get its independence from the British. For these reasons, I believe that if George Washington were to pick a side for the French Revolution, he would defend the French because of all the support they gave the United States during the Revolutionary War. However, George Washington stayed neutral on either side as he did not want it to engulf the United States. Still, he agreed to preserve the French treaty and receive its arrogant minister. Note Packet on the Land Ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787 & Fallen Timbers Notes 1. What is the Land Ordinance of 1785? It divided the land in the western territory into townships of 36 square miles. Those were then divided into 1 square mile (640 acre) sections to be sold. Small sections and large townships were all sold so was affordable for both the rich and the poor. 2. What was the purpose of the Land Ordinance? It laid out the process by which lands west of the Appalachian Mountains were to be surveyed and sold. The method of creating townships and sections within townships was used for all U.S. land after 1785. 3. What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do? The Northwest Ordinance chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory 4. List some of the rules created by the Northwest Ordinance.  A bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights; in addition, the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery 5. What was the Battle of Fallen Timbers? Fallen Timbers was a battle between the Americans and Native Americans near Toledo. Native Americans were getting supplies from the British forts in North America, and Canada helped them. The treaty of Greenville ceded to the Americans 6. What was the Treaty of Greenville and what did it result in? Result of the battle of fallen timbers NW Indian Wars by which the Indians ceded most of the future state of Ohio and significant portions of what would become the states of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. Notes on Federalists and Democratic Republicans 1. Who created the Federalist Party? Alexander Hamilton 2. Who created the Democratic-Republican Party? Thomas Jefferson 3. How were the President and Vice-President elected in 1789? The candidate with the most votes became president, and the candidate with the second most votes became vice president. 4. Who was elected President and Vice-President in the Election of 1796? President John Adams(Federalist) Vice President Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) 5. List the beliefs of the Federalists. people are selfish; distrust gov’t that gives too much power to the mob ruled by BEST people; strong nat’l gov't, side with Britain or stay neutral business, manufacturing, and trade Loose Interpretation understanding of the constitution Strong federal government led by the wealthy 6. List the beliefs of the Democratic-Republicans. more power to the people; strong state gov’ts informed citizens can make good decisions side with France Agriculture Strict Interpretation DId not support the establishing of a national bank Notes on XYZ Affair and Alien and Sedition Acts 1. Why did the French seize American ships? Because the U.S. has not supported France, and in order to stop U.S. trade with Britain they seized them. 2. How did President Adams handle American ships being seized by the French?to build stronger defenses for American shipping and to negotiate peace with France. He then showed the papers to the people. He also had american ships begin seizing french ships 3. Why did President Adams enact the Alien and Sedition Acts? In response to democratic-republicans and to suppress any opposition to president adams policies, specifically the xyz affair. 4. What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do? It made it so any person coming from another country would have to go through a process to become a citizen and makes consequences if they say anything bad about the u.s government or become a threat to them. It would tske them 14 years to become a citizen. 5. What is the Jay Treaty? Ended British from seizing American ships 6. What is the Quasi War? Franca and the USA seizing each other's ships… 1798-1800 7. What is a political cartoon? Ann illustration containing a commentary that usually relates to current events or personalities 8. What is the purpose of a political cartoon? Designed to convey a social or political message