Lesson 1: Matter PDF

Lesson 1: Matter Use properties of matter to identify substances and the process how to separate them. Matter (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5) And Measurement Introduction to Chemistry : An Overview Matter And...

Lesson 1: Matter Use properties of matter to identify substances and the process how to separate them. Matter (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5) And Measurement Introduction to Chemistry : An Overview Matter And Measurement CHEMISTRY: The study of MATTER (Structures & Properties) and the CHANGES (Transformations & Energy) it undergoes. Matter And Measurement SOME USES OF CHEMISTRY: Everything is made up of chemicals. Many changes we observe in our surroundings are caused by chemical reactions. Matter And Measurement SOME USES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement SUB-BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement SUB-BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY: Matter And Measurement Mathematics in Chemistry: Matter And Measurement Mathem atics Chemis try: Matter And Measurement  Matter And Measurement Rules in significant figures: 1. All non-zero digits are significant. 123456789 2. Zeros before a number are not significant. 0.0003 = 1 SF ; 0.0111 = 3 SF 3. Zeros after a number are significant. 20.00 = 4 SF ; 200 = 1 SF ; 200. = 3 SF 4. Zeros between numbers are significant. Matter 20.0010 = 6 SF ; 0.0020076 = 5 SF And Measurement  Give the significant figures of the following series of numbers. 1. 205.00 6. 03.1416 2. 0.00360 7. 257,000 3. 78,541,200 8. 0.0009 4. 2,045,000. 9. 14.012 5. 0.0075 10. 0.1480 Matter And Measurement Rounding Off Numbers: Matter And Measurement Round Off the following Numbers: 1. 8394 - nearest thousand 2. 360 – nearest hundred 3. 14 – nearest ten 4. 5,745,000 – nearest million 5. 0.75 – nearest tenths Matter And Measurement Rules in Rounding Off Numbers based on the given problem. If the operation used in the problem is: 1. Addition and Subtraction – Round off your Final answer based on the Least number of decimal places. 2. Multiplication and Division – Round off your Final answer based on the LeastMatter And number of significant figure. Measurement Rounding Off Numbers using Scientific Notation Matter And Measurement  Matter And Measurement  The General Equation is: N x 10 (Base) (Power) n (Exponent) 1. The Base must not be less one or more than 10. 2. If the original number is more than 1, the exponent is positive; if the original number is less than 1, Matter the exponent is negative. And Measurement  Write the following numbers to Scientific Notation: 1. 5,670,000 - 5.67 x 106 2. 0.003260 – 3.620 x 10-3 3. 0.000067890 - 6.7890 x 10-5 4. 45,000 - 4.5 x 104 Matter And Measurement SI Units: Matter And Measurement  Matter And Measurement  Matter And Measurement  Matter And Measurement Converting Units using Dimensional Analysis Matter And Measurement ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT: PRECISION VS ACCURACY Matter And Measurement Precision - refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other. Accuracy - refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. Matter And Measurement Mathematical way of finding the accuracy and precision of measurements. Matter And Measurement MATTER Matter And Measurement  Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). Matter And Measurement PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER ATOMS IONS MOLECULES 2 or more Basic Charged atoms units species combined Matter And Measurement Matter Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Matter And Measurement Matter Each element is made of the same kind of atom. Matter And Measurement Matter A compound is made of two or more different kinds of elements. Matter And Measurement STATES OF MATTER Natural states State = Phase Matter And Measurement MODERN STATES Bose-Einstein Plasma Condensate Matter And Measurement MODERN STATES Fermionic Quark-Gluon Condensate Plasma Matter And Measurement Classification of Matter ELEMENT MATTER MIXTURE COLLOID PURE SUSBSTANCE SUSPENSION HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE Matter COMPOUND And Measurement 2 minutes Matter And Measurement CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER MATTER MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE HOMOGENEOUS/ SOLUTION HETEROGENEOUS COMPOUND ELEMENT Matter SUSPENSION COLLOID And Measurement  PURE SUBSTANCES Are substances that cannot be broken down/ separated using physical means. It is a form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties. ELEMENT substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. There are 118 natural and synthetic elements that Matter have been discovered as of this day. And Measurement MODERN PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS(118) Matter And Measurement METALS Matter And Measurement NONMETALS Matter And Measurement METALLOIDS Matter And Measurement  PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS Compounds can be broken down into elements by chemical means. Matter And Measurement  COMPOUNDS ORGANIC INORGANIC Compounds Compounds without carbon (exceptions: containing carbonates, CO2, CO, Carbon cyanides, carbides, bicarbonates ) Matter And Measurement  COMPOUNDS ORGANIC INORGANIC ACIDS SALTS BASES HCl NaCl NaOH CH3COOH CH3COO - CH3COONa HF LiF LiOH H2SO4 BaSO4 HSO4- Matter And Measurement  MIXTURES a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities. We can separate them using physical means. Matter And Measurement  HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES/ SOLUTIONS the composition of the mixture is the same throughout (one phase). NaCl in water Brass Bronze Sugar in water Air Matter And Measurement  HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES the composition of the mixture is NOT uniform (2 or more phases). Smog Blood Mud Pizza Sand Mayonnaise Milk Salad Matter And Measurement  SEPARATION OF MIXTURES Mixtures, either homogeneous and heterogeneous can be separated physically depending on their composition. They are separated using several separation techniques. Matter And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FILTRATION – used to separate insoluble solids from the solvents Ex. Sand in water Matter And Measurement SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 1. Stirring rod 2. Iron stand 3. Mixture 4. Filter paper 5. Funnel 6. Beaker (collection flask) 7. Filtrate Matter And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES EVAPORATION – used to separate soluble solids from the solvents Ex. NaCl in water Matter And Measurement SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DISTILLATION – used to separate miscible liquids with significant boiling point difference Ex. Benzene and toluene Matter And Measurement  Matter And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES SOLVENT SEPARATION – used to separate two immiscible liquids using a separatory funnel. Matter Ex. Water and oil And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES DECANTATION– used to separate residues from solvents in suspensions Ex. Water and mud Matter And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGATION – is a technique used for the separation of particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. Ex. Separation of blood Matter And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES MAGNETISM - is a technique used to separate magnetic from nonmagnetic materials. Ex. Separation of Iron Fillings Matter from sand And Measurement  SEPARATION TECHNIQUES CHROMATOGRAPHY - is a technique used to components of a mixture Ex. Separation of colors in ink Matter And Measurement Properties and Changes of Matter Matter And Measurement  Properties of Matter Physical Properties: Must be observed without changing a substance into another substance. NO CHANGE IN COMPOSITION Chemical Properties: Can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance. CHANGE IN Matter COMP. And Measurement Physical Properties Density Thermal conductivity Solubility Magnetic properties Chemical Properties Flammability Combustibility Matter Reactivity And Measurement Physical Properties DENSITY - is the amount of mass in a given volume. It measures how compact the molecules are in a given space of substance (unit: g/ml). Less dense More dense Matter And Measurement mL = cm3 Matter And Measurement Example 1: An ice cube has a volume of 36 cm3. If the ice cube has a mass of 33.2 g, what is the density of the ice cube? Matter And Measurement Example 2: Convert the density = 0.92 g/cm3 in lb/m3 using the following conversion data: 1 kg = 2.205 lb ; 1 kg = 1000 g ; 1m = 100 cm Matter And Measurement Example 3: If the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789g/mL. What is its mass if you fill exactly a 200. mL container? Matter And Measurement Physical Properties THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY - is the ability of matter to transfer energy (HEAT) from one to another. CONDUCTORS – Have high thermal conductivities (metals: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, Co, W, etc.) SEMI-CONDUCTORS – moderate-low thermal conductivities (Metalloids: Si, Ge, etc.) INSULATORS – have a very poor thermal conductivities (non metals: O, N, C, wood, wires, etc.) Matter And Measurement Activity 2 Tell whether the materials are conductors or insulators (/) Matter And Measurement 1 minute Matter And Measurement Activity 2 Tell whether the materials are conductors or insulators (/) / / / / / Matter And Measurement Physical Properties SOLUBILITY - the measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given volume of liquid. For example, sugar and sand, have a different solubilities in water. Matter LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE And Measurement Physical Properties MAGNETIC PROPERTIES - pertains to how substances are attracted to magnet. FERROMAGNETIC – attracted to magnet (Fe, steel, Co, Ni) NONFERROMAGNETIC – not attracted to magnet (Cu, Matter Al, Zn) And Measurement Physical Property of Matter is Classified as: Matter And Measurement  Properties of Matter Intensive Properties: Independent in the amount of matter that is present in the system. Extensive Properties: dependent in the amount of matter that is present in the system. Matter And Measurement  Properties of Matter Intensive Properties: Density Malleability Boiling Point Ductility Color Hardness Taste Luster Odor Potential Melting point/Freezing point Solubility Matter And Measurement  Properties of Matter Extensive Properties: Mass Length Volume Size Internal Energy Shape Entropy Heat Capacity Enthalpy Matter And Measurement Chemical Properties describe the substance’s ability to change into new form with different properties. It involves chemical reaction, the conversion of matter to other type of matter. Law of Conservation of Mass Total mass of finished products = Total mass of Starting materials Matter And Measurement Chemical Reactions In the course of a chemical reaction, the reacting substances are converted to new substances. Matter And Measurement Chemical Properties FLAMMABILITY - is the ease on with which material is ignited. Materials produces different flame colors depending on their chemical composition. Matter And Measurement Flame Colors of Selected Elements Matter And Measurement Chemical Properties COMBUSTIBILITY – ability to react with Oxygen gas in air to produce flame or explosion Note: not all combustion reactions produces flame or explosion Matter And Measurement Chemical Properties REACTIVITY – ability to react with other elements to form new compound Matter And Measurement Activity 3 Matter And Measurement 3 minutes Matter And Measurement Activity 3 FLAMMABILITY REACTIVITY REACTIVITY COMBUSTIBILITY FLAMMABILITY COMBUSTIBILITY REACTIVITY REACTIVITY FLAMMABILITY Matter And FLAMMABILITY Measurement  Changes in Matter Physical Change: Changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance. Chemical Change: Changes in matter that change the composition of a substance. Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Physical Change: Melting, Evaporation, Cutting, Deposition, Freezing, etc. Chemical Change: Spoiling of food, Digestion, Ripening of fruits, Rusting of iron, etc. Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Physical Change: Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Physical Change: Heat Processes Phase 1 Phase 2 Process Endothermic Solid Liquid Melting Processes – heat Liquid Gas Evaporation absorbing Solid Gas Sublimation Exothermic Liquid Solid Freezing Processes – heat Gas Liquid Condensation releasing Gas Solid Deposition Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Chemical Change: formation of precipitate (insoluble solid) Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Chemical Change: formation of light (eg. flame) Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Chemical Change: formation of gas Matter And Measurement  Changes in Matter Chemical Change: formation of heat Matter And Measurement