AP World History Mongol Empire Notes PDF

UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World THEMES: Governance, Economic Systems, Cultural Developments and Interactions LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1: Explain the process of state building a...

UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World THEMES: Governance, Economic Systems, Cultural Developments and Interactions LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1: Explain the process of state building and decline in Eurasia over time. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3: Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change. It’s time to talk about the. And when you think of the land-based empires in history, maybe you think of the Greeks or maybe the. It was in fact the Mongols who hold the title for the largest contiguous empire ever. We need to talk about they did it and all the it had. RISE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE Now let’s begin in the beginning with the birth of a man named who, according to legend, was born holding a giant blood clot in his fist, which in his was a sign that this kid was going to grow up into a mighty. Speaking of his culture, Temujin was a Mongol, and the Mongols were living around the Gobi Desert. And nomads are people. They move from place to , depending on the season, and that’s their whole way of life. Temujin grew up and proved to be a leader, and through skillful allied himself with powerful people. Then after leading several important military and finding himself victorious, Temujin united the various Mongol groups under himself in 1206, and assumed the title. Maybe you’ve heard of him under a different name, namely, , but we say Chinggis now. Ghengis is the westernized version of his name and Chinggis is closer to how it would be in Mongolian, so we’re sticking with Chinggis. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 1 of 7  UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World RISE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE cont’d. And from there, Chinggis got busy taking over the. He attacked and northern China then territory in Central Asia and then up into Southern Russia. Then Chinggis Khan in 1227, but his sons who succeeded him one after another just kept the empire until it reached its in 1279. The forces of the Seljuk Empire and Sultanate and China were significant. So how did the Mongols, who were often very much by superior military forces in these empires so many victories? Partly it was their military. Chinggis Khan organized his forces into of 10,000, 1000, 100, and 10 which made controlling and commanding them devastatingly. And then partly it was weaponry and skills. The Mongols’ weapon of choice was a that was larger than traditional bows and could sink arrows into their enemies from much away. Also they were exceedingly skillful horse and could often outride those they encountered. And another part is that their was pretty lucky. The Song Dynasty had recently control of its northern territory, and large states like the Abbasid Empire had been in power for a long time, and it was the Mongols who brought it to an end with the destruction of in 1258. But another explanation of their success was their reputation for. In some cases Mongol armies would nearly everyone in a settlement, and then leave a few alive so they could run to the next town and them of the ferocity of Mongol invasion. And in that way, the Mongols didn’t even have to in some places: they just showed up, everyone unceremoniously surrendered. But what’s interesting, is that even though the Mongol body count was staggering during their wars of , once they ruled everything, they were pretty. In fact, there’s a whole for the peace experience under about a century of Mongol rule, namely, the. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 2 of 7  UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World RISE OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE cont’d. As the Mongol Empire , it replaced the empires we talked so much about in the last unit, and after Chinggis Khan’s death, his grandsons the empire into several or military regions. And in many cases, Mongol rulers adopted a lot of the cultural of the people over which they ruled. For example, ruled China and set up a new Chinese dynasty called the. And because he had united warring factions across China, many of the Confucian elite believed that he possessed the to rule China, which was a way of saying that because he united everyone, he must be our ruler. Additionally, Kublai Kahn styled himself as a , Confucian style ruler. To be clear, the Mongols in China did not Chinese, but I’m just trying to show you that in China, and elsewhere, Mongols adapted their of rule to the conditions in that place. SUMMARIZE the previous section in your own words. (2-4 sentences) MONGOLS AND ECONOMICS Let’s talk about the situation under Mongol rule. And if you remember when we talked about the Roads, you’ll remember that those trade routes were like mad. But arguably, the Silk Roads were never more organized and than they were under Mongol rule, and here’s why. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 3 of 7  UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World MONGOLS AND ECONOMICS cont’d. These trade routes passed through lots of states and empires over time, and depending on where you were, those routes could be more or less. But when the whole length of the Silk Roads fell under the of the Mongols, then that meant that one state was responsible for keeping everyone safe and flowing from one side of the world to the other. Additionally, Mongol rulers improved the of many of the places they ruled by building many bridges and roads, all of which facilitated more and more. And so thanks to the Pax Mongolica, trade across the Silk Roads during this period. A side benefit of that increased over the Silk Roads was an unprecedented increase in and cooperation across Eurasia. For example, Persian and Chinese courts often worked across great distances, sending skilled back and forth, exchanging ambassadors, and sharing military , all done with the help of the which was a series of communication and relay spread across the empire. And because of this interregional collaboration, far flung parts of the empire were more friendly, and that further increased trade, which further increased the of all involved. SUMMARIZE the previous section in your own words. (2-4 sentences) © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 4 of 7  UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World TECHNOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL TRANSFERS And certainly no discussion of the Mongols would be complete without talking about the and transfers that occurred during their rule. The Mongols had a high opinion of intellectuals and skilled , and when they were on their tours conquest, they often were careful to kill those kinds of people. But because it was the Mongol policy to send people to all different parts of the empire, that movement encouraged the of technology and ideas and culture. One significant consequence of that was the transfer of knowledge developed by Ancient Greeks and Islamic scholars over to Western. Another significant transfer was the Mongol adoption of the to write their language. It was Chinggis Khan who first decided that conquering societies probably meant that his own Mongolian language needed to have some kind of form too. So he the Uyghur script from a conquered people in Central Asia, and that written form of the language became the lingua franca or widely adopted imperial of the empire. Despite their brutal rise, the Mongol Empire facilitated loads of cultural across many parts of Eurasia. But the Mongols out of power about as quickly as they rose to power. And as the Mongol Empire the world stage, many of the people who were under Mongol rule redoubled their efforts to install powerful rulers and create a unified culture, thus paving the way for the rise of the world. SUMMARIZE the previous section in your own words. (2-4 sentences) © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 5 of 7  UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World RESPOND to the learning objectives with an evidence-based, argumentative thesis. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1: Explain the process of state building and decline in Eurasia over time. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2: Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 6 of 7  UNIT 2 TOPIC 2 The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World RESPOND to the learning objectives with an evidence-based, argumentative thesis. LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3: Explain the significance of the Mongol Empire in larger patterns of continuity and change. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. TM *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. page 7 of 7