Ilocos Region (Region 1) - Past Paper - Philippines

**UNIT 2** **LUZON TOURISM, CULTURE AND GEOGRAPHY** **Module 1 -- ILOCOS REGION (Region1)** **A Compilation by DORCAS SIMPAO MACAPAGAL** Introduction This module discusses the region's tourist destinations, geographical features, political subdivisions and dialects. It also includes a colloquy...

**UNIT 2** **LUZON TOURISM, CULTURE AND GEOGRAPHY** **Module 1 -- ILOCOS REGION (Region1)** **A Compilation by DORCAS SIMPAO MACAPAGAL** Introduction This module discusses the region's tourist destinations, geographical features, political subdivisions and dialects. It also includes a colloquy of the regions peoples and culture and economy. Objectives : At the end of this module you should be able to : 1. Describe the region's geographical features, economy, demography and culture 2. Identify the provinces in the region. 3. Distinguish and discuss the major tourist destinations in Region 1. 4. Prepare a tourism promotional material for the region. REGION 1 ILOCOS REGION Ilocos Region is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region I, occupying the northwestern section of Luzon. It is bordered by the Cordillera Administrative Region to the east, the Cagayan Valley to the northeast and southeast, and the Central Luzon to the south. To the west lies the South China Sea. The region comprises four provinces: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan. Its regional center is San Fernando, La Union. The 2000 Census reported that the major languages spoken in the region are Ilocano at 66.36% of the total population at that time, Pangasinan with 27.05%, and Tagalog with 3.21%.\[ Geography The Ilocos Region occupies the narrow plain between the Cordillera Central mountain range and the South China Sea, and the northern portion of the Central Luzon plain, to the north-east of the Zambales Mountains. Lingayen Gulf is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains several islands, including the Hundred Islands National Park. To the north of the region is Luzon Strait. The Agno River runs through Pangasinan from Benguet, flowing into a broad delta at the vicinities of Lingayen and Dagupan before emptying into the Lingayen Gulf. Economy Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, especially Pangasinan, is anchored on agro-industrial and service industry, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses , such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (bagoong), and others. Income in the Ilocos provinces or northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and carabaos (water buffalos). The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. Dagupan is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level. San Fernando in La Union also has an international shipping port and the upgraded and soon to be developed San Fernando International Airport. While Laoag in Ilocos Norte has an international airport. The tourism industry, driven by local airlines and land transportation firms in the area like Farinas Transit Company and Partas, focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Bauang, La Union and the rest of the region. The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving ABEL and pottery.The Ilocanos\' burnay pottery is well known for its dark colored clay. Demographics The Ilocos provinces are the historical homeland of the Ilocanos. In the 2000 Census, the Ilocanos comprised 66% of the region, Pangasinan people 27%, and the Tagalogs 3%. Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the Pangasinans. The population of Pangasinan comprises approximately 60% of the total population of the region. The Ilocanos started migrating to Pangasinan in the 19th century. Pangasinan was formerly a province of Region III (Central Luzon) before President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 1, 1972, incorporating it into Region I. Minority groups include the Tingguian and Isneg communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains. The population is predominantly Roman Catholic with strong adherents of Protestantism such as the Aglipayan denomination further north of the country. There are also adherents to other religions, such as Iglesia ni Cristo, Mormons, and the like. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile Chinese and Indian communities are primarily Buddhists, Taoists, and Hindus. Notable people José Burgos, one of the Gomburza martyrs during the Spanish Occupation Ferdinand Marcos, tenth President of the Philippines Elpidio Quirino, sixth President of the Philippines syquia mansion Fidel V. Ramos, twelfth President of the Philippines Diego Silang, male revolutionary leader during the Spanish Occupation Gabriela Silang, female revolutionary leader during the Spanish Occupation Manuel Arguilla, writer, patriot, and martyr during the Japanese occupation Land Area: Region 1 has a land area of 12,840.2 sq. kms. Its alienable and disposable land is 810,062 hectares and its total forest land is 473,957 hectares. Topography: In its eastern borders are regions of Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley and in the south is Central Luzon. To the west north is the West Philippine Sea. Climate: Dry season is from November to April while the rainy season is from May - October Natural Resources Land Resources: The region has prime agricultural land in spite of the scarcity of arable land due to its rough terrain. Its most important crops are tobacco, rice, and vegetables. Water Resources: Region I is drained by 29 river systems, aside from small mountain streams that sometimes swell up to three times their sizes during the rainy season. These rivers are valuable means of irrigation source. River Basins: The Agno River basin The Amburayan River basin Laoag River basin Other Endemic Resources: Region I is endowed with various mineral resources both metallic and non-metallic. Copper ore ranked the biggest deposit with about 54.6% of the total metallic reserves. Iron magnetite sand ranked second with about 31%, were found only in Ilocos Sur and La Union. Infrastructures / Utilities Road and Transportation: Airports International Flights: Laoag International Airport Domestic Flights: San Fernando Airport, Vigan Airport, and Lingayen Airport Seaports: Currimao Seaport (Ilocos Norte) Salomague Seaport (Ilocos Sur) San Fernando Seaport (La Union) Sual Seaport (Pangasinan) Land Transportation: Manila to Laoag, Vigan, San Fernando route and vice versa -- Provincial Bus Carriers Manila to Dagupan -- Provincial Bus Carriers (Victory Liner, Dagupan Bus Lines) There is a road network that links Region I to the other parts of Luzon. The Tarlac- Pangasinan-La Union Expressway TPLEX has already broken ground for the Tarlac-Pangasinan section. Socio-economic activities: Vigan city fiesta Viva Vigan Festival of the Arts World Heritage Cities Solidarity Day Lingayen Gulf Landing Laoag City and Province (Pamulinawen) San Fernando, La Union Gali-la Hundred Island festival Agoo Semana Santa Pista'y Dayat (May 1)  Paoay Church  Crisologo Hundred Islands THE ILOCOS REGION AND THE ILOCANOS The physical environment of Ilocandia has effected the Ilocano way of life. Ilocanos are thrifty and used to difficulties and hardships. They work hard to earn a living; thus to an Ilocano every centavo counts. A long province makes agriculture in the area not profitable. As a result, the Ilocano families engage in other occupations. Men as well as women, spin and dye yarns. Women with their native crude hand looms weave blankets, towels, napkins, table cloths, bags, and jackets. Aside from weaving, bagoong and tuba making are two other industries of the Ilocanos. The Ilocanos are adventurous and the most hardworking people. They migrate to other provinces like Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija and Cagayan during harvest time, to find work. After the harvest they go back home with their earnings. THE ILOKANOS CULTURE, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS\..... Ilocanos strive hard to make a living, difficulty is never a hindrance to their success. To and Ilocano, hardships can easily be overcome. He believes in the value of study, industry and patience; thus, every Ilocano family encourages the children to go to school and learn skills to find better paying jobs and consequently, have a better life. Most customs and traditions of the Ilocanos are influenced by their frugality. From the cradle to the grave, the Ilocano rituals reflect what they believe in. Death to the Ilocanos means great sorrow. If the father dies, the wife dresses the deceased alone so that her husband\'s spirit can tell her any messages or wish he was not able to convey when he was still alive. The body is placed in a coffin in the middle of the house parallel to the slats of the floor. A big log is then lighted in front of the houses so that the spirit of the dead will go to heaven with the smoke. As long as the dead body is in the house, the log is kept burning to keep the evil spirit away. During the wake, the members of the family keep vigil. The women wear black clothes and a black manto (handkerchief) to cover the head and the shoulders. Before the coffin is carried out of the house all windows must be closed; No part of the house must be touched by the coffin; otherwise the man\'s spirit will stay behind and bring trouble to the family. Family members shampoo their hair with gogo as soon as the funeral is over to wash away the power of the dead man\'s spirit. Prayers are said every night for the next nine nights. After each night\'s prayer, rice cakes and basi are served to all guests. The period of mourning ends on the ninth day when relatives and friends spend the day feasting and praying. The first death anniversary will then be another occasion for feasting and praying. ABOUT THE ART The serious outlook of the Ilocano is reflected on his physical movement as well as in his writings. He is not lyrics types; he is the epic type. An Ilocano epic depicting this sobriety is Biag ni Lam-ang, a poetry piece that requires sustained effort. Among the well known Ilocano writers are Salvador Lopez, Leopoldo Yabes, Manuel Arguilla, and Consorcio Borje. The ancient literature of the Ilocano consisted of songs for different occasions. The Ilocano war song expressed the vigor and joys of the warriors coming from battle; the dal-ot, popular among the peasants was sung during a baptismal party, a wedding or a feast; the badeng or love song is a serenade. Pamulinawen, a popular Ilocano love song expresses longing for a loved one. Like most Filipinos, the Ilocanos possess musical instrumentals. Examples are the flute, kudyapi and kutibeng, which is a sort of guitar with fine strings. The Ilocano are proud of their dances. One of their favorites is the kinnotan, or ants dance, in which a group of dances gesticulates toward a person being attacked by ants and then makes motions of scratching the man. The Kinnailongong is another Ilocano dance showing a man and a woman sings and dances towards him, and then dances with him. **TOURIST DESTINATIONS** Learning Activity : View the following links https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyiISNdbG0U Self Assessment Questions REGION 1 Locate the following destinations : 1\. Bangui Windmills 2\. Riverside Empanadahan 3\. Patapat Viaduct 4\. Sand Dunes 5\. Kapurpurawan Rock Formations 6\. Sinking Belltower 7\. Cape Bojeador Light house 8\. Paoay Church 9\. Hundred Islands National Park 10\. Bantay Belfry ASaQ 1\. Bangui Bay, Ilocos Norte 2\. Batac, Ilocos Norte 3\. Pagudpud Ilocos Norte 4\. Bgy. Suba, Paoay Ilocos Norte 5\. Burgos, Ilocos Norte 6\. Laoag City, Ilocos Norte 7\. Vigia de Nagparitan, Paoay Ilocos Norte 8\. Marcos Ave. Paoay Ilocos Norte 9\. Alaminos, Pangasinan 10\. Sta. Maria Ilocos Sur References and Links : Libosada, Carlos Jr. M Domestic Tourism, ANVIL Publishing 2003 Socao-Alumino Joyce; Socao, Jonell; Socao, Jose Jr.; Philippines: The Heart of Asia , Honors Integrated Marketing Communications Inc.2008 http://countrystat.psa.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=17 http://noypicollections.blogspot.com/2011/07/.html http://ilocos.islandsphilippines.com http://en-ph.topographic-map.com/places/ILOCOS-8928159/ http://philippinesthebeautywithin.blogspot.com/2011/07/region-2b-.html http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im0130 http://www.pinoyadventurista.com/2013/04/arcobaleno -day-2.html http://www.wowmarinduque.com/category/destinations/natural-attractions/ attractions/ http://www.lakwatseradeprimera.com http://www.pcoo.gov.ph/dir-lgu-govvice.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyiISNdbG0U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5R5lvoNNcLw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5O8PmkskXA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn28BveMJIY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJWbDhfgla0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-r0W-ZRNrM