CCS101LEC-Intro-to-Computing-Week-1 (20240904185431).pptx

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao (University of Cabuyao)  Vision, Mission, Core Values and PnC (UC) Graduate Attributes Vision Core Values As a God-fearing institution respecting multi-faith of An institution of h...

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao (University of Cabuyao)  Vision, Mission, Core Values and PnC (UC) Graduate Attributes Vision Core Values As a God-fearing institution respecting multi-faith of An institution of higher learning in people, PnC adheres to the following core values: Region IV, developing globally-  Personal Dignity competitive and value-laden  Nurturing Community professionals and leaders instrumental  Commitment to Excellence to community development and nation PnC (UC) GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES building. 1. Professional competent individual Mission 2. Proficient communicator 3. Analytical & problem solver An institution of higher learning 4. Lifelong learner committed to equip individuals with 5. Team leader or player knowledge, skills, and values that will 6. Productive individual enable them to achieve professional 7. Socially and ethically responsible citizen goals & and provide leadership and 8. Technology-driven professional service for national development. 9. Value-laden professional  INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Prepared by: Ms. Elaine Bolambot Ms. Melissa Dimaculangan Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: Explain fundamental concept and evolution of computer. Identify different types of computers, software and hardware.  BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS Hardware vs. Software Hardware The computer equipment Includes printers, monitors, disk drives, etc. Software Programs which tell the computer what to do Examples - word processing, gradebook, tutorials, games, etc. 6 7  History of Computers Charles Babbage - father of computer 1800’s planned analytical engine ENIAC - developed at end of WW II 1951 - 1963 1st and 2nd generation very large, used unreliable vacuum tubes 1963 - present - 3rd and 4th generation smaller, faster - use transistors and integrated circuits 8  History - Microcomputers Apple First sold in late 1970’s Developed by Jobs and Wozniak IBM Personal Computers First sold in 1981 Was quickly accepted by businesses IBM compatibles soon developed 9  Computer - Social Impact Threat to privacy Reduce personal interactions Displace workers and change workplace Create two tiered society Computer failures cause great damage Artificial Intelligence Create a “new life form” Machines smarter than their creators 10  11 Types of Computers – Personal Computers (PC) Also called Microcomputers Available in desktop size, notebook size and handheld Can be IBM, IBM Compatible or Apple  Types of Computers - Minicomputers Size of filing cabinet Used by small and medium size companies and institutions Operated by computer specialist Terminals allow many people to use 12 Types of Computers - Mainframes Very powerful Very fast Used by large corporations and governmental agencies Operated by computer specialist 13  Types of Computers- Supercomputers Most powerful Fastest Most expensive Several million dollars each Used only by Governmental agencies Large international corporations 14  Computer Operations Input Processing Output External Storage 15  Input Devices - Keyboard Most commonly used input device Ergonomic - fit natural hand placement Special keys Enter, Function, Ctrl, Alt, Num Lock, Esc 16  17 Input Devices - Mouse Controls cursor on screen May be mechanical or optical Most models have a “wheel” for scrolling  Input Devices - Other Pointers (replaces mouse on notepads) Track point, track ball, touch pad Scanner Digital camera Touch screen Voice 18  Output Devices Monitor Printer Disk Drive Can also be input device Modem Can also be input device 19  20 Monitors Made up of tiny elements called pixels Each row of pixels is called a scan line Picture is displayed by an electronic beam lighting up certain pixels  Monitors - Resolution Resolution is how sharp and clear the picture is How many scan lines on the screen 640 x 480 is low resolution 1600 x 1200 is high resolution 21  Monitors - Dot Pitch Measures the distance between pixels Commonly seen on monitors advertised.49 (not very good).28 (much better).26 or lower (excellent) 22  Monitors - Sizes Screen measured diagonally May also measure actual viewing area 14” or 15” on bargain systems 17” has become the standard 19 and 21” available but are more expensive. 23  Monitors - LCD Liquid Crystal Display Similar to digital watch Used for notebook computers Should be an Active Matrix Screen Also used in flat screen monitors Much thinner than regular CRT monitor More expensive than regular CRT monitor 24  Monitors - Video Card Processes info to send to monitor Amount of video memory may speed up graphic intensive programs 32 megs –general purpose 128 or more megs – graphic intensive use AGP port can speed up graphics 3D accelerator card improves graphics 25 Monitor - Buying Hints 17” or larger.28 dot pitch or better 32 or more megs of memory on video card 26  27 Printers Laser Ink Jet Dot Matrix  Printers - Laser Works similar to a copy machine Color printers available but more expensive Fast, quite, with excellent quality More expensive to buy and operate Some units scan, photocopy, and print 28  Printers - Ink Jet Squirts small jet of ink onto paper to form characters Replaced dot matrix Quiet Does good job on color Good quality and reliability 29  Printers - Dot Matrix Strikes pins against ribbon to print Comes in 9 and 24 pin Once very popular Now replaced by ink jet and laser 30  Printers - Speed Measured in pages per minute (PPM) Laser printers range from 20-45 ppm Color printing is slower 31  Printers - Quality of Print One measure is dots per inch (DPI) 300 dpi for general purpose uses 600 dpi for higher quality 1200 dpi for photo quality May have different vertical and horizontal resolution 600 x 300 Other factors can affect quality 32  Basic Processing Cycle Central Internal Data Processing Memory Bus Unit 33  How Information Is Stored Memory consist of switches which can be either on or off - Off=0 On=1 Each on/off switch is called a bit Eight bits make up a byte It takes one byte to store a character Character can be letter, space, punctuation, etc. ASCII code used 34  Other Memory Terms Byte is eight bits Kilobyte (KB) is approx. 1,000 bytes Megabyte (MB) is approx. 1million bytes Gigabyte (GB) is approx. 1 billion bytes 35  Central Processing Unit Also called CPU, processor or microprocessor Is the “brains” of the computer Performs all computer operations 36 CPU - IBM COMPATIBLES Many made by company called Intel Also made by AMD 37 Pentium class processors Needed to run most current software Intel – Celeron or Pentium IV AMD 38  CPU - Clock Speed Number of “cycles” per second computer can operate Measured in megahertz (MHz) One MHz = 1 million cycles per second One gigahertz(GHz)=1 billion cycles Current speeds 2-4 GHz 39 CPU - Misc. Performance also affected by speed of data bus 400-800 MHz on most current systems Cache can increase speed Stores data you will likely need next in an area that has faster access Both memory cache and disk cache used Should be 512 K or better 40  CPU - Buying Hints Minimum of Pentium IV or AMD Athlon Minimum of 2 GHz clock speed Minimum of 512K of cache 41  Internal Memory - RAM RAM - Random Access Memory CPU can access any location as quickly as any other Can not only read current info but also write new info Very important in determining capabilities of the computer system Computer should have at least 256 megs - 512 preferred (can add to later) 42  Internal Memory - ROM ROM - Read Only Memory Can read info Stored in ROM Can not write new info into ROM Used for “internal workings” of computer Buyer is not very concerned with ROM 43 External Memory 44  Floppy Drives Comes in 5 1/4” and 3 1/2” All systems now only have 3 1/2” HD - High density - comes on all current systems 3 1/2” - 1.44 megs 45  Hard Drives Built into machine Made up of stack of platters Can store much more than floppy drives 40 gigabytes should be minimum Can access info much faster than floppy drive 46  CD ROM Same as music CDs Are read only Can store over 650 megs All programs now only sold on CD Make multimedia possible Come in different speeds - 20x, - 50x 47  DVD-ROM Digital Video Disk Can store up to 17 GB Can store full-length movies Can also read CD-ROM disk 48  CD-RW & DVD-RW DRIVES Allows you to write to disk Useful for Data backup Storage of large files Recording music and other multimedia files DVD-RW Allows you to write to both CD and DVD disk Still somewhat expensive 49  Storage Devices - Other USB drive Very popular – 64-512 MB Tape drive Similar to cassette tape Used for backup Zip drive 100 MB to 2 GB capacity Everyday use and backup 50  Drives - Buying Advice 40 gigabyte hard drive One 3 1/2” high density floppy drive CD-RW drive DVD not yet essential but useful 51  Expansion Slots Allows you to add capabilities Example of cards you can add Network card Modem 52  53 Ports Connects computer to another device Parallel port Used primarily by printers Serial ports Modem, mouse, etc. SCSI - chain devices USB –may be needed for Digital Cameras Mp3 players Other devices  54 Networks Connects computers LAN - Local Area WAN - Wide Area Wireless Allows sharing of programs, files, printers, etc. Server is “main” computer  55 Modems - General Allows 2 computers to communicate over phone lines Can be internal or external Can also have fax capabilities  Modems Bits per second(bps) indicates speed Old modems - 9,600, 14,400, 28,800, 33,600 56,000 (56K) has becoming standard Ways of connecting to the Internet Dial-up modem – used in most homes Cable modem – uses TV cable lines DSL – modified phone line T1 line – used by schools, businesses, etc. 56 Buying Hints Summary - Min Hardware Requirements 2 GHz Pentium IV Class Processor 256 megabytes of RAM 17”,.28 dot pitch monitor with 32 meg card 40 gigabyte hard drive CD-RW 56k modem Ink jet or laser printer 57  Buying Hints - Software Bundles Many systems come with software included Productivity Microsoft Works Microsoft Office, Lotus SmartSuite, etc Quicken, Money, or other financial software Reference Microsoft Encarta or Compton’s encyclopedia Games 58  Buying Hints - Service and Warranty Toll-free 24 hr 7 day support (800 #) 1 year warranty on parts and labor Optional extended warranty 30 day return policy 59 Buying Hints - Web Sites On-line computer stores C-Net Hardware – reviews and prices from many vendors Dell - http://www.dell.com/ Gateway - http://www.gateway.com/ 60 61 Programs Set of instructions to the computer Programming languages Machine language Assembly language Procedural languages Basic, Fortran, Cobol Object oriented languages Visual Basic, C++, C#, Java 62  Systems Software Run fundamental operations Loading and running programs Saving and retrieving data Communicating with printers, modems, etc. Examples of systems software DOS Windows 3.1, 95, 98, Me, 2000, and XP Unix Linux 63  Applications Software Helps you to accomplish a certain task Examples Word processing - memos, reports, etc. Spreadsheets - budgets, etc. Database - search, sort, select data Educational - simulations, practice Graphics - charts, diagrams Desktop publishing - pamphlets, etc. 64  Software - Legal Issues Commercial software Can only make backup copies for yourself Can only use on one machine at a time Site license - use on more that one machine Shareware Can use - make copies and give to anyone Should pay if you continue to use Freeware – can copy and use indefinitely 65  Software Viruses Illegal code added to a program May spread to many computers Copy files from one computer to another Download files by modem E-mail attachments Virus may be relatively harmless Writes “You’ve been stoned” on screen Virus may also be very damaging Erases everything on hard drive Virus may activate on a certain date 66  Virus Protection Be careful where you copy files from Do not open e-mail attachments unless you are sure that it is safe Use virus protection program Detects and removes illegal code Should be updated often 67 References Besuenña, J. S. (2019) Introduction to Information Technology Computer Fundamentals. Unlimited Books Carey, P. (2019) New Perspectives on HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Cengage Publishing Maynard, P. (2020) Principles of Computer Science. Larsen and Keller Education Revano, T. F, (2019) Computer System Organization with Assembly. Mindshapers Co., Inc. Tayuan, Ronina R. C. (2019) Living in The Information Technology Era. C&E Publishing Inc. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!! End of Slide Show