att.bR6eNDxw4Ygab0cFk3lPcF8ACGBmcq-r0tuPgsVWCT8.docx

**Interaction Design (IxD) focuses on creating engaging interfaces that facilitate user interaction with digital products. Its primary goal is to improve the user\'s experience (UX) by ensuring that interactions are intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable.** **A. Principles of Navigation Design** **-...

**Interaction Design (IxD) focuses on creating engaging interfaces that facilitate user interaction with digital products. Its primary goal is to improve the user\'s experience (UX) by ensuring that interactions are intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable.** **A. Principles of Navigation Design** **- Clarity: Ensure that navigation elements are clearly labeled and intuitive.** **- Consistency: Maintain uniformity in navigation elements across different sections of the interface.** **- Feedback: Provide users with feedback on their actions, such as highlighting selected options or showing loading indicators.** **B. Types of Navigation** **- Global Navigation: Main navigation that appears across the entire site or application.** **- Local Navigation: Secondary navigation that helps users explore specific sections or categories.** **- Contextual Navigation: Links or actions relevant to the current content or task** **THE DESIGN PROCESS** **The design process in interaction design can be broken down into several key phases:** **A. Research** **- User Research: Understand the target audience through surveys, interviews, and observations. This helps identify user needs, preferences, and behaviors.** **- Market Analysis: Analyze competitors and existing products to understand industry standards and identify gaps.** **B. Ideation** **- Brainstorming: Generate a wide range of ideas and concepts.** **- Sketching: Create low-fidelity sketches to visualize ideas quickly.** **- Wireframing: Develop wireframes that outline the structure and layout of the interface.** **C. Prototyping** **- Low-Fidelity Prototypes: Create simple prototypes using paper or basic digital tools to test concepts.** **- High-Fidelity Prototypes: Develop interactive prototypes that resemble the final product, allowing for more in-depth user testing.** **D. Testing** **- Usability Testing: Conduct tests with real users to gather feedback on prototypes. Identify pain points and areas for improvement.** **Navigation design is critical for ensuring users can move through an interface seamlessly. Effective navigation enhances usability and accessibility.** **E. Implementation** **- Development Collaboration: Work closely with developers to ensure that the design is accurately translated into the final product.** **- Quality Assurance: Test the final product for functionality and usability issues.** **Human Vision** - **Human vision is a highly complex activity with a range of physical and perceptual limitations, yet it is the primary source of information for the average person.** - **Input in the human occurs mainly through the senses and output through the motor control of the effectors.** - **There are a number of effectors, including the limbs, fingers, eyes, head and vocal system.** **The human, the user is the one whom computer systems are designed to assist.** **The model comprises three subsystems: the *perceptual system*, handling sensory stimulus (information) from the outside world, the** *motor system***, which controls actions, and the** *cognitive system***, which provides the processing needed to connect the two.** **Computer** - **Handheld pointing device - Mouse** - **Random access memory (RAM)** - **on silicon chips** - **100 nano-second access time** - **usually volatile (lose information if power turned off)** - **data transferred at around 100 Mbytes/sec** - **Some *non-volatile RAM* used to store basic set-up information** - **input devices -- text entry and pointing** - **output devices -- screen (small & large), digital paper** - **virtual reality -- special interaction and display devices** - **physical interaction -- e.g. sound, haptic, bio-sensing** - **paper -- as output (print) and input (scan)** - **memory -- RAM & permanent media, capacity & access** - **processing -- speed of processing, networks** - **text entry devices** **keyboards (QWERTY et al.) chord keyboards, phone pads, handwriting, speech** **Keyboards -** **Most common text input device, Allows rapid entry of text by experienced users** **Interaction** refers to the communication and actions between a user and a computer system. It involves the inputs (like mouse clicks, typing, or touch gestures) and outputs (display of information, visual feedback, or sound) that enable users to perform tasks or obtain information. **Types of Interactions** Clicks: Selecting items or executing commands. Typing: Involves inputting text commands. Drags: Moving objects or selecting text. Gestures: Touch or motion inputs on modern devices. **The Interaction Framework** is a conceptual model used to understand and analyze the interaction between users and computer systems. **Components of Interaction Framework** **Users**: The people who interact with the computer system or application, each with unique characteristics, needs, and expectations. **Input**: The methods and devices through which users provide information or instructions to the system, such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch screen. **System**: The computer system or application itself, which processes user inputs and generates outputs based on its programmed logic and functionality. **Output**: The feedback or results in the system provides users, such as visual displays, audio cues, or haptic feedback. Human Computer interaction (HCI) is characterized as a dialogue or interchange between the human and the computer. Seven Stages of Donald Norman's Model Execution and Evaluation Cycle 1.Establish the goal 2.Forming the intention 3.Specifying the action sequence 4.Executing the action 5.Perceiving the system state 6.Interpreting the system state 7.Evaluating the system state with respect to goals and intentions Ergonomics **Ergonomics** in HCI is the study of designing computer systems and interfaces to optimize user comfort, efficiency, and safety. It focuses on creating user-friendly designs that consider human capabilities, limitations, and preferences, ultimately enhancing the overall user experience. THE KEY ASPECTS OF ERGONOMICS INCLUDE: - - PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS - COGNITIVE - ERGONOMICS - AFFECTIVE - ERGONOMICS - ACCESSIBILITY - USER FEEDBACK AND EVALUATION Importance of Ergonomics in HCI - - HEALTH AND SAFETY - ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY - POSITIVE USER EXPERIENCE - INCLUSIVITY Significance WIMP interfaces enable users to interact with software through visual elements, enhancing usability and accessibility. Elements of the WIMP Interface **Windows** - Display information and allow multitasking. - Can be resized and moved for better organization. **Icons** Graphical representations of files, programs, or actions. Intuitive design helps users recognize functions quickly. **Menus** Organize commands into categories for easy access. Hierarchical structures (drop-downs, context menus) streamline navigation. **Pointer** - The mouse or cursor used to interact with elements on the screen. Essential for selecting, dragging, and clicking. **Definition of Interactivity** \- Engagement through user actions, allowing for dynamic responses from the interface. **3 Key Aspects of (HCI):** **Experience -** goes beyond task completion **Engagement** Definition and Importance - Creating memorable and meaningful interactions that resonate with users. **Elements of Engagement** **Usability**: Easy to learn and navigate. **Aesthetics**: Visually appealing designs enhance enjoyment. **Functionality**: Features meet user needs effectively.