Human-Computer Interaction Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Interaction Framework?

  • To analyze computer programming languages
  • To evaluate system performance
  • To create visual designs for software interfaces
  • To understand user interaction with computer systems (correct)

    • The output in the Interaction Framework refers to the input received from the user.

    False

    List the first three stages of Donald Norman's Model Execution and Evaluation Cycle.

    Establish the goal, forming the intention, specifying the action sequence

    In HCI, __________ is the study of designing computer systems to optimize user comfort and safety.

    <p>ergonomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of the WIMP interface to their functions:

    <p>Windows = Display and organize information Icons = Graphical representations of actions Menus = Organize commands into categories Pointer = Used for selecting and interacting with items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of ergonomics in HCI?

    <p>System Efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ergonomics in HCI does not consider human limitations or preferences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HCI stand for?

    <p>Human-Computer Interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Interaction Design?

    <p>To improve the user's experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Navigation design is unimportant for usability and accessibility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of navigation mentioned in the content.

    <p>Global Navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of creating low-fidelity prototypes may involve using _____ or basic digital tools.

    <p>paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phases of the design process with their descriptions:

    <p>Research = Gathering information about users and the market Ideation = Generating and visualizing ideas Prototyping = Creating mockups to represent concepts Testing = Gathering feedback from actual users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle of navigation design ensures labels are intuitive?

    <p>Clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-fidelity prototypes resemble the final product and allow for in-depth testing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of navigation helps users explore specific sections?

    <p>Local Navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of information for the average person?

    <p>Human Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Computer systems are designed to assist the developers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three subsystems of the human model mentioned?

    <p>Perceptual system, motor system, cognitive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary input device used for text entry is a _____

    <p>keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following input devices with their descriptions:

    <p>Mouse = Handheld pointing device Keyboard = Most common text input device Speech = Voice input method Touch screen = Input through touch gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction involves moving objects or selecting text?

    <p>Drags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Random Access Memory (RAM) is non-volatile.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate access time for RAM?

    <p>100 nano-seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Interaction Framework

    • A conceptual model that analyzes interaction between users and computer systems

    • Comprised of:

      • Users: Individuals with unique needs, expectations, and characteristics
      • Input: Methods (keyboard, mouse, touch screen) and devices that users use to interact
      • System: Application or computer system that processes input and generates output
      • Output: Feedback to the user in various forms, such as visual displays, audio cues, or haptic feedback

    Donald Norman's Model Execution and Evaluation Cycle

    • Seven stages defining human-computer interaction as a dialogue:
      • Establish the goal
      • Form an intention
      • Specify an action sequence
      • Execute the action
      • Perceive the system state
      • Interpret the system state
      • Evaluate the system state based on goals and intentions

    Ergonomics

    • The study of designing computer systems and interfaces for optimized user comfort, efficiency, and safety
    • Focuses on creating user-friendly designs that consider human limitations, capabilities, and preferences
    • Crucial for enhancing the overall user experience
    • Key aspects:
      • Physical ergonomics
      • Cognitive ergonomics
      • Affective ergonomics
      • Accessibility
      • User feedback and evaluation

    Importance of Ergonomics in HCI

    • Ensures health and safety for users
    • Enhances user productivity and efficiency
    • Contributes to a positive user experience
    • Promotes inclusivity by addressing user needs and diversity

    WIMP Interface

    • Utilizes window, icon, menu, and pointer elements to facilitate user interaction with software
    • Improves usability and accessibility by providing a visually intuitive interface
    • Windows: Display information, enable multitasking, move and resize for organization
    • Icons: Graphical representations, contribute to intuitive design for quick recognition and access
    • Menus: Categorize commands for easy access, hierarchies streamline navigation
    • Pointer: Mouse or cursor used for selecting, clicking, or dragging elements

    Interaction Design (IxD)

    • Focuses on creating engaging interfaces that facilitate user interaction with digital products
    • Aims to improve the user experience (UX) by ensuring interactions are intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable.

    Principles of Navigation Design

    • Clarity: Navigation elements should be clear, easily understood, and intuitive
    • Consistency: Maintain uniform navigation across the interface for predictability
    • Feedback: Users should receive feedback on their actions, such as highlighted options or loading indicators

    Types of Navigation

    • Global Navigation: Main navigation applicable across the entire application or website
    • Local Navigation: Secondary navigation within specific categories or sections
    • Contextual Navigation: Links or actions relevant to the current task or content

    The Design Process

    • Research:

      • User Research: Understand target audience through surveys, interviews, and observations to identify user needs, preferences, and behaviors
      • Market Analysis: Analyze competitors and existing products, identify industry standards and gaps

    • Ideation:

      • Brainstorming: Generate a variety of ideas and concepts
      • Sketching: Create low-fidelity sketches for rapid visualization of ideas
      • Wireframing: Develop wireframes detailing structure and layout of the interface

    • Prototyping:

      • Low-Fidelity Prototypes: Simple prototypes using paper or basic digital tools for testing concepts
      • High-Fidelity Prototypes: Interactive prototypes that resemble the final product, enabling in-depth user testing

    • Testing:

      • Usability Testing: Tests with real users to gather feedback on prototypes, identify and improve pain points

    • Implementation:

      • Development Collaboration: Collaborate with developers to accurately implement the design in the final product
      • Quality Assurance: Thorough testing of the final product to ensure functionality and usability
    • Key element for seamless user navigation and interaction
    • Contributes to usability and accessibility by improving user experience

    Human Vision

    • Essential for human information processing
    • Highly complex with physical and perceptual limits
    • Primary source of information for most individuals

    Human Model

    • Three Sub-Systems:
      • Perceptual System: Handles sensory input from the outside world
      • Motor System: Controls physical actions
      • Cognitive System: Processes information and connects the perceptual and motor systems

    Computer

    • Handheld pointing device - Mouse

    • Random access memory (RAM):

      • Located on silicon chips
      • Access time of 100 nano-seconds
      • Typically volatile (data lost when power is off)
      • Data transferred at around 100 Mbytes/sec

    • Non-volatile RAM: Used to store basic system information

    • Input devices (text entry & pointing):

    • Output devices (small/large screens, digital paper):

    • Virtual reality (VR): Special interaction and display devices

    • Physical interaction (sound, haptic, bio-sensing):

    • Paper: Output via printing, input through scanning

    • Memory (RAM & more permanent media):

    • Processing (speed, networks):

    Text Entry Devices

    • Keyboards (QWERTY, alternative layouts):
    • Chord keyboards: Unique combinations of keys
    • Phone pads: Numeric keypad for text entry
    • Handwriting: Handwritten input using a stylus
    • Speech: Converting speech to text

    Keyboards

    • Most common text input device
    • Allows rapid text entry for experienced users

    Interaction

    • Communication and actions between a user and a computer system
    • Includes input (mouse clicks, typing, gestures) and output (visual feedback, sound, information display)
    • Enables users to perform tasks and access information

    Types of Interactions

    • Clicks: Selecting items or executing commands
    • Typing: Inputting text commands
    • Drags: Moving objects or selecting text
    • Gestures: Touch or motion inputs on devices

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    Description

    Explore key concepts of human-computer interaction, including the interaction framework, Norman's model execution cycle, and the principles of ergonomics. This quiz assesses your understanding of how users interact with computer systems and the importance of design for user experience.

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