APCVS Week 3 2024 Blood Types PDF

“ducation Comes To Life” Course: APCVS Week: 3 (Chapter 24)  Objectives O List and describe components of the blood O Discuss blood types (ABO/Rh) O List and discuss types of anemia O Discuss common disorders associated with the cardiovascular system (anemia, hemophilia, clotting di...

“ducation Comes To Life” Course: APCVS Week: 3 (Chapter 24)  Objectives O List and describe components of the blood O Discuss blood types (ABO/Rh) O List and discuss types of anemia O Discuss common disorders associated with the cardiovascular system (anemia, hemophilia, clotting disorders, leukemia, etc.) O Blood pressure demonstration & discussion O Focus your textbook readings to pages: O 608-614, 619-22 “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood O Type of connective tissue composed of: O Blood cells O Formed elements of blood O Plasma O Fluid portion of blood O Serum = plasma without the clotting factors O Blood volume O Amount of blood circulating in individual's body O Average adult approximately 5 liters O Formation of blood cells (hematopoiesis) takes place primarily in bone marrow “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood O Red Blood Cells (RBCs) – Erythrocytes O Produced in red bone marrow O Mature red blood cells do not contain nuclei but do contain hemoglobin O Function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from lungs to cells throughout body O Lab tests: RBC count O # of RBC in 1 cubic mm of blood O Average: 4.0 - 6.5 million O Used by doctors to determine if anemia is present “Where Education Comes To Life” RBC Formation “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood O Composition of Blood O Plasma: liquid, watery part of blood O Formed elements: the cells O Erythrocytes O Red blood cells: carry oxygen and carbon dioxide O Leukocytes O White blood cells O Granulocytes (contain granules) O Neutrophils: kill bacteria, clear granules O Eosinophils: parasitic infection, red-orange granules O Basophils: inflammation, dark purple granules O Non-granulocytes (do not contain granules) O Lymphocytes: O T cells: in Thymus gland. T-killer, T-helper, T-memory O B cells: become plasma cells which produce antibodies O Monocytes: clean up debris/bacteria/dead cells O Platelets O Thrombocytes: help to stop bleeding, clot formation “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood O Composition of Blood O Plasma: liquid, watery part of blood O Formed elements: the cells O Erythrocytes O Red blood cells: carry oxygen and carbon dioxide O Leukocytes O White blood cells O Granulocytes (contain granules) O Neutrophils: kill bacteria, clear granules O Eosinophils: parasitic infection, red-orange granules O Basophils: inflammation, dark purple granules O Non-granulocytes (do not contain granules) O Lymphocytes: O T cells: in Thymus gland. T-killer, T-helper, T-memory O B cells: become plasma cells which produce antibodies O Monocytes: clean up debris/bacteria/dead cells O Platelets O Thrombocytes: help to stop bleeding, clot formation “Where Education Comes To Life”  55% 45% “Where Education Comes To Life” WBC formation “Where Education Comes To Life”  * The formed elements of blood and basic functions. * Phagocyte: cell that engulfs debris/bacteri a etc. * “Where Education Comes To Life”  WBCs in the Blood O White Blood Cells – Leukocytes O Fight infection O Lab tests: WBC count O 5,000 to 11,000 per cubic mm of blood O Used to detect infection in the body “Where Education Comes To Life”  WBC functio n “Where Education Comes To Life” Common Disorders - Anemia O Abnormally low number of red blood cells O Many causes O Decreased production of healthy red cells by bone marrow O Increased erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis) O Blood loss from heavy menstrual periods or internal bleeding O Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in diet O RBCs do not contain enough hemoglobin or hemoglobin is abnormal O Affects 3.5 million Americans “Where Education Comes To Life” Common Disorders - Anemia Iron Deficiency Anemia O Decreased iron levels, resulting in decreased hemoglobin production, causes decrease in capacity of RBCs to transport oxygen Vitamin Deficiency Anemia O Vitamin B12 essential for hemoglobin production O Pernicious anemia: vitamin B12 deficiency Hemolytic Anemia O Caused by premature destruction of RBCs by antibodies produced by immune system “Where Education Comes To Life” Common Disorders – Sickle Cell Anemia O Caused by sickling (malforming) red blood cells O Serious, life- threatening, inherited anemia O Causes physical pain “Where Education Comes To Life” O One of the deadliest and rarest forms O Unexplained failure of bone marrow to produce certain types of blood cells O Bone marrow replaced with fat cells “Where Education Comes To Life” Anemia Types “Where Education Comes To Life”  Symptoms – Anemia O Fatigue O Weakness O Fainting; dizziness O Breathlessness O Heart palpitations and tachycardia O Headache O Ringing in ears O Difficulty sleeping O Trouble concentrating “Where Education Comes To Life”  Symptoms can vary – Various Anemia O Sickle Cell Anemia O Pain in abdomen, joints, bones O Infections and heart failure O Aplastic Anemia O Bleeding in mucous membranes O Infections with high fevers O Paleness O Dyspnea “Where Education Comes To Life” Treatment – Anemia O Treatment depends on type and cause O Deficiencies O Injections of vitamin B12 O Oral dietary supplements O Hemolytic or Aplastic O Aplastic or Hemolytic O Elimination of specific medications O General care O Blood transfusions O Analgesics O Antibiotics “Where Education Comes To Life” Considerati Hemophilia ons Signs/ O Hereditary Symptoms deficiency of clotting factors O Affects male children; rarely affects females O Platelets unable to form clots to stop bleeding O Predisposes patient to hemorrhaging when cut or injured O Treated by transfusing deficient clotting factor (replacement therapy) “Where Education Comes To Life”  Leukemia “Where Education Comes To Life”  Leukemia O Malignant cancer of bone marrow and blood O Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, WBC - white blood cells O Classified into 4 (four) types of leukocyte affected O Can be acute or chronic O Lymphocytic leukemia: Strikes lymphoid cells O Myeloid or myelogenous leukemia: strikes myeloid (bone marrow) cells “Where Education Comes To Life” Leukemia – Symptoms & Treatment O Excessive bruising O Fatigue O Weakness O Dyspnea O Bleeding of mucous membranes O Bone and joint pain O Abdominal pain and bleeding O Weight loss O Enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, liver O Frequent infections O Treatment: O Chemotherapy O Radiation therapy O Bone marrow transplantation “Where Education Comes To Life” Coagulation and Clots O Diseases associated with blood clots O MI: Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) O CVA: Cerebro-Vascular Accident (stroke) O TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack (pre- stroke) O PE: Pulmonary Embolism (clot in the lungs that originated from a clot in the legs) O DVT: Deep Vein Thrombosis (clot in the legs/calf) “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life” Thrombophlebitis O Blood clot causes inflammation in one or more veins, typically in lower extremities O Clot in a deep vein increases risk of serious health problems (pulmonary embolism) – DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) O Caused by prolonged inactivity O Decreases blood flow through veins Symptoms O Redness – Swelling – Warmth - Tenderness O Dull ache or pain in affected area O Red, hard, tender cord present under surface of skin “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life” Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) commonly affects the veins of the leg. “Where Education Comes To Life”  DVT to PE “Where Education Comes To Life” Test Your Knowledge What are the anemias Deficiency 5 types of(Iron ANEMIA we haveB12) and vitamin discussed? Genetic anemia (Sickle cell) Aplastic anemia (bone marrow not producing RBCs) Hemolytic anemia (RBCs burst open) What is a DVT? A blood cot that formed within the deep veins of the calf How does a DVT lead to a PE? After the DVT forms, a portion breaks off and travels to the heart and then into one of the lungs “Where Education Comes To Life”  Varicose Veins O Gnarled, enlarged veins O Usually superficial veins in legs O Caused by prolonged periods of standing, pregnancy, aging O Valves in veins malfunction O Visible, bulging veins often linked with symptoms such as tired, heavy, aching limbs O Relief of symptoms O Moderate exercise O Avoiding long periods of standing O Elevating the legs O Wearing support stockings O Vein Ligation - Removal of affected veins “Where Education Comes To Life” Test Your Knowledge O You are reading a patient’s chart. What do each of these abbreviations mean? O Past medical history: +DVT O Past medical history: -PE O Past medical history: +MI O Past medical history: -CVA, +TIA “Where Education Comes To Life” Test Your Knowledge O You are reading a patients chart. What do each of these abbreviations mean? O Past medical history: +DVT O Patient had a Deep Vein Thrombosis O Past medical history: -PE O Patient did not have a Pulmonary Embolism O Past medical history: +MI O Patient had a Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) O Past medical history: -CVA, +TIA O Patient did not have a Cerebro-Vascular Accident (Stroke) but did have a Transient Ischemic Attack (mini temporary stroke) “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood Types O There is an ABO blood typing system O There is an Rh (Rhesus) blood typing system “Where Education Comes To Life”  ABO Blood Types Antige n (surfac e protein ) Antibo dy (custo m “Where Education Comes To Life”  Rh Factor “Where Education Comes To Life” Blood Types “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life” Transfusion Incompatibility Agglutinatio O If the wrong type of blood is administered to n = clumping a patient, severe transfusion reaction can = Hemolysis occur RBC breaks apart O Signs and symptoms arise rapidly with collapse of cardiovascular system O Symptoms of shock (confusion, restlessness, shortness of breath) are dramatic O Stop transfusion of donor blood A B “Where Education Comes To Life”  Rh Incompatibility Erythroblastosis fetalis O Click on the link below O Incompatibil ity “Where Education Comes To Life” Blood Pressure “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life”  HTN Risk Factors “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood Pressure Demonstration Video “Where Education Comes To Life” Let’s Review: Define/Describe O Erythrocyte (RBC) O Platelet: O Leukocytes (WBC) O Neutrophil: O Eosinophil: O Basophil: O Lymphocyte: O Monocyte: “Where Education Comes To Life”  Answers O Erythrocyte (RBC) hemoglobin to carry oxygen O Platelet: blood clotting O Leukocytes (WBC) fight infection O Neutrophil: kill bacteria, granulocyte with clear granules O Eosinophil: parasitic infections, red-orange granules, granulocyte O Basophil: dark purple granules, granulocyte O Lymphocyte: non granulocyte, T and B cells O Monocyte: non-granulocyte, largest WBC “Where Education Comes To Life” “Where Education Comes To Life” Let’s Review—Fill in the table Type Antigen Antibod y “Where Education Comes To Life”  Answer Type Antige Antibo n dy A A B B B A AB AB None O none A,B “Where Education Comes To Life”  Let’s Review—Describe the Anemias O Iron-deficiency: O Vitamin deficiency: O Hemolytic: O Genetic: O Aplastic: “Where Education Comes To Life”  Answers O Iron-deficiency: lack of iron causes pale red blood cells that can’t carry as much oxygen O Vitamin deficiency: B12 (pernicious anemia) causes large red blood cells O Hemolytic: red blood cells lyse (break open) O Genetic: sickle cell disease, crescent shaped red blood cells often clots (sickle crisis) O Aplastic: bone marrow stops producing red blood cells “Where Education Comes To Life”  Abbreviation Challenge O Abbreviations: what do they stand for? O DVT- O PE- O WBC: O CVA: O TIA: “Where Education Comes To Life”  Answers O Abbreviations O DVT- Deep Vein Thrombosis O PE- Pulmonary embolism O WBC: White Blood Cell O CVA: Cerebro-Vascular Accident (Stroke) O TIA: Transient Ischemia Attack (mini stroke, temporary) “Where Education Comes To Life”  Review Low Oxygen “Where Education Comes To Life”