21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World (2nd Quarter) PDF

21st Century Literature Notable Writers: from the Philippines and ❖ Tan Swie Hian: Writes in Chinese, Malay, the World English, and French....

21st Century Literature Notable Writers: from the Philippines and ❖ Tan Swie Hian: Writes in Chinese, Malay, the World English, and French. ❖ Kuo Pao Kun: Writes in Mandarin and English. (HUMSS) Development of Singaporean Literature 1st Semester, 2nd Quarter | Reviewer Made by: - Sharlean Danielle A. Gabiane Colonial Era: ❖ Literature in English started with the Straits-born Chinese community. ASIAN LITERATURE OF THE 21ST ❖ F.M.S.R. (Federated Malay States CENTURY Railways) by Francis P. Ng: First notable Singaporean poetry work published in London (1935). Lesson 1: Asian Literature of ❖ Pulse by Wang Gungwu (1950): Second major poetry collection. the 21st Century ❖ Post-Independence (1965): Independence from Malaysia brought a new wave of writing led by Edwin Thumboo, Arthur Yap, ❖ The literature of Asia is a rich collection of Robert Yeo, Goh Poh Seng, Lee Tzu stories that both reflect the beliefs, culture Pheng, and Chandran Nair. and feelings of the people. It covers East, ❖ Thumboo’s Generation- Many critical Central, West and South East Asia. essays in Singapore Literature ❖ Poetry: Became the predominant ❖ With upcoming writers from different expression of Singapore literature in English. Asian countries, its literature promises to be even richer and responsive to the Poets in the late 1980s and early 1990s changes of the 21st century. 1990s- English poetry found a new momentum with a whole new generation of SINGAPOREAN LITERATURE poets. Firstfruits and Ethos books- Local small ❖ Written in any of Singapore’s four main presses actively promoting the new gen. languages (English, Malay, Chinese, works. Tamil). Younger Generation- the poetry is often political aware, sexuality, society and culture. Short Story Writer "The Taximan’s Story" ❖ Catherine Lim-Most widely read author ❖ Lim books of short stories: Stories of From Little Ironies: Stories of Singapore Singapore 1978 and The lightning God and other stories 1980 Vocabulary: ❖ Amy Tan- Asian-American writer ❖ Tan writing novels: The Bondmaid 1998 ❖ Susah hati: Preoccupied with the idea and Wrong God Home 2001 that something bad and undesirable ❖ With upcoming writers from different Asian countries, its literature promises to may happen to someone. be even richer and responsive to the "My heart is very susah hati, changes of the 21st century. and I say to myself, I will watch that Lay Choo and see her monkey tricks." SINGAPOREAN LITERATURE Setting: ❖ Literary works in any of the country’s four main languages: English, Chinese, ❖ Place: Singapore Malay and Tamil ❖ Main Setting: Inside the taxi ❖ Portrays various aspects of Singapore society and culture Characters: ❖ Writers work to create a literary voice and space that celebrates Singapore’s 1. Taximan: A hardworking man with a multicultural society big family, struggling with societal changes and his daughter’s behavior. Catherine Lim Poh Imm 2. Teacher (Passenger): Engages in conversation with the taximan. ❖ Born in 1942 in Penang, Malaysia. ❖ Singaporean fiction author known for 3. Lay Choo: Taximan’s daughter, whose writing about Singapore society and actions lead to the main conflict. themes of traditional Chinese culture. ❖ Hailed as the "doyenne of Singapore Plot: writers.” ❖ Best known works: 1. A taxi driver rides with a female teacher Little Ironies: Short Stories of passenger. Singapore (1978) 2. He talks about the changes in Or Else, The Lightning God and Singapore. Other Stories (1980) 3. He discusses his family and the challenges of parenting 4. He shares his observations about youth and prostitution. Lesson 2: Japanese Literature 5. He reveals his anger and disappointment with his daughter. 6.The passenger leaves hurriedly at Hotel Facts About Japan Elroy. ❖ Known as Nihon or Nippon, meaning “origin of the sun” (Land of the Rising Themes: Sun). ❖ The Japanese archipelago consists of four 1. Changes: The rapid transformation of major islands: Hokkaidō, Honshū, Shikoku, Singapore from a peaceful to a and Kyūshū. crowded and fast-paced society. ❖ Population (2016): 127 million. 2. Parenthood: The struggles and ❖ Two major religions: Shinto and Buddhism. frustrations of raising children in a ❖ Staple Food: White rice, with soy products changing world. and seafood. 3. Societal Issues: Prostitution, youth ❖ Traditional Art Forms: Haiku, ikebana behavior, and moral dilemmas. (flower arranging), tea ceremonies, taiko drum music. Conflict: ❖ Traditional clothing: Kimono. The taximan’s internal struggle with Japanese Literature his daughter’s behavior. Nostalgia for the past versus ❖ Heavy influence from Chinese and Indian frustration with present-day Singapore. literature, from ancient times up to the Edo Financial struggles and the challenges period (1603–1868). of low-income workers. Ancient Period Irony: ❖ It deals primarily with myths and legends. 1. The taximan earns more from young ❖ Tales like the creation of Japan, wherein girls and their foreign boyfriends than the islands came from the gemstones from regular passengers, even though imbued in the swords of gods are very he disapproves of their behavior. prominent during this period. 2. He fails to recognize his own ❖ The notable writers during this period are daughter’s involvement in the activities Ono Yasumaro, Nihon Shoki, and he criticizes. Man’yoshu. Classical Period Blend of popular culture, mundane ❖ It occurred during the golden age, the detail, magical realism, suspense, Heian period. humor, and deep emotional themes. ❖ During this period, literature became ❖ Famous Works: centered on a cultural elite of nobility and A Wild Sheep Chase (1982) monks Norwegian Wood (1987) ❖ Murasaki Shikibu is one of the greatest The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Japanese writers who wrote the Tale of (1994–1995) Genji. Kafka on the Shore (2002) 1Q84 (2009–2010) Medieval Period The Boy Named Crow ❖ During this period, history and literature were intertwined because of the influence ❖ An excerpt from Kafka on the Shore (2002). of the civil wars and the emergence of the ❖ Highlights: warrior class. Murakami’s signature mix of realism, ❖ Besides war stories and tales, the renga, magical realism, Japanese a popular form of Japanese poetry, saw traditions, and layered plotlines. its rise. Features Japanese religious traditions like Shinto. Modern Period Characters ❖ It gave way to the rise of new genres like ❖ Kafka Tamura the Japanese drama, kabuki, poetry, A 15-year-old boy running away haiku, and the from home due to unwanted yomihon. ceremonial rights. ❖ It also marked the arrival of new styles of Described as tall, muscular for his writing. Japanese writers started to age, and obsessed with his romanticize and tried different genres and thoughts. subject matters. Chooses the name "Kafka Tamura" ❖ Yasunari Kawabata, Kobi Abe, Takiji after leaving home. Kobayashi, and Haruki Murakami are ❖ Crow some of the prominent writers during this Kafka’s imaginary alter ego. period. Acts as a guide and motivator, urging Kafka to face his problems Haruki Murakami instead of running away. ❖ Born: January 12, 1949, in Kyoto, Japan. Setting ❖ Works: Novelist, short-story writer, essayist, and translator. ❖ South of Japan ❖ Common Themes: ❖ Kafka’s journey begins in Tokyo, in his First-person narrative style (similar father’s study room. to Japanese I novels). Summary Political Writings: ❖ On the eve of his fifteenth birthday, Kafka Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, plans to run away. Thomas Jefferson: Influenced America’s ❖ He talks to Crow, his imaginary constitution and independence. companion, about his plans. Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, ❖ Kafka takes money from his father, along Thomas Paine: Hailed for their wit and with a cell phone and a hunting knife. contributions to nation-building. ❖ Crow warns Kafka of the challenges ahead and urges him to be tough. 18th Century Conflict Introduction of storytelling and iconic works: ❖ Man vs. Himself: Notable Authors and Works: Kafka’s inner struggle with his identity, destiny, and his imagined alter ego, Crow. ❖ Washington Irving: Salmagundi ❖ Driedrich Knickerbocker: The Legend of Shinto Religion Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle. ❖ James Fenimore Cooper: The Last of the ❖ Shinto (kami-no-michi): Japan’s Mohicans. traditional religion focused on rituals and ❖ Edgar Allan Poe (Father of Short Stories): establishing a connection to the past. The Raven, The Cask of Amontillado, The Fall of the House of Usher. ❖ Herman Melville: Moby Dick (Dark Romanticism). Lesson 3: NORTH AMERICAN ❖ Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter (Dark Romanticism). LITERATURE 19th Century Early America was a series of British ❖ Marked by revolutionary writing styles colonies, so its literary tradition is deeply tied and realistic characters. to British literature. ❖ They Are honoured as two of the greatest 19th century poets -Emily Dickinson: “Hope” is the Thing 17th Century with Feathers. ❖ Captain John Smith: A True Relation -Samuel Adams: O Captain! My of Virginia discusses the advantages Captain! of colonial rule.  Suzanne Collins ❖ Their writing style changed the way ❖ Born: August 10, 1962, in Hartford, Americans write their language. Connecticut. ❖ They created characters who speak ❖ An American author and television life real people and sound distinctly writer. American with accents to their region. ❖ Known for: The Hunger Games -Mark Twain: The Adventures of The Underland Chronicles series. Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer ❖ Worked on Nickelodeon shows, (focused on realistic language and including Clarissa Explains It All. regional accents). Awards: -Henry James: The Portrait of a Lady, The Bostonians. ❖ 2011: California Young Reader Medal. ❖ Publishers Weekly’s Best Books of the 20th Century Year: Children’s Fiction. ❖ An American Library Association Top 10 American novelists started Best Books for Young Adult Selection. experimenting in style and in subject matter. Genres: Upton Sinclair, Henry Adams, Edward Bellamy: Discussed political ❖ Fantasy, Science fiction, Children’s and educational issues and the power literature, Young adult fiction, Dystopian of corporations in their works. fiction F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby Shows how the dreams and ambitions The Hunger Games of the youth may quickly disappear and ultimately lead to disappointment Inspiration: ❖ Concept developed while watching 21st Century late-night television. ❖ The history of American Literature is ❖ Influenced by the lack of distinction very rich in content and tradition and between reality TV and the Iraq war definitely shaped the writing style of coverage. contemporary writers. ❖ Personal connection: ❖ Her father’s career in the Air Force Famous writers influenced themes of poverty, starvation, and war. ❖ Stan Lee, Maya Angelou, Kurt ❖ Explores necessary and unnecessary Vonnegut, George R. R. Martin wars, inspired by discussions with her father.  ❖ The series’ first book, The Hunger Lesson 4: EUROPEAN Games, was released in 2008. Its two sequels, Catching Fire and LITERATURE Mockingjay, were published in 2009 European Literature encompasses written and 2010, respectively. works in numerous languages. Key languages ❖ More than 50 million print and include: electronic copies sold ❖ A film version of the first book, was ★ English released in 2012 ★ Spanish ★ French Plot Structure (The Hunger Games) ★ Dutch ★ Polish 1. Exposition: Introduction of characters ★ Irish and settings. ★ German 2. Inciting Incident: Main conflict is ★ Italian introduced. ★ Modern Greek 3. Rising Action: Chain of events ★ Czech building from the conflict. ★ Russian 4. Climax: Crisis point where the ★ Bosnian outcome is determined. ★ Scandinavian 5. Falling Action: Conflict resolution begins. 6. Resolution: Main conflict is answered. Languages in the EU 7. Denouement: Final outcome and The European Union officially recognizes 24 resolution of loose ends. languages, including: Each district in The Hunger Games has a Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, specialty, or industry, that it is responsible for: Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, ➔ District 1: Luxury items French, German, Greek, Hungarian, ➔ District 2: Masonry and defense Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, ➔ District 3: Technology Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, ➔ District 4: Fishing Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, and ➔ District 5: Power and electricity Swedish. ➔ District 6: Transportation ➔ District 7: Lumber and paper ➔ District 8: Textiles Literary Periods in European Literature ➔ District 9: Grain Medieval Period (500 – 1500) ➔ District 10: Livestock ➔ District 11: Agriculture ❖ Key Works: Beowulf, The Song of ➔ District 12: Mining Roland, The Nibelungenlied  ❖ Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Victorian Period (1837 - 1901) Tales ❖ Other Writers: Edmund Spenser ❖ Named after Queen Victoria, who (The Faerie Queen), John Milton reigned from 1837 to 1901. (Paradise Lost), William ❖ Victorian novelists and poets wrote with Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet). simplicity, truth, and tempered emotion. ❖ Notable Writers: Age of Enlightenment (1700 - 1800) Charlotte and Emily Bronte Lord Tennyson ❖ Celebration of ideas, focusing on Robert Browning what the human mind is capable of Gustave Flaubert achieving through deliberate action George Eliot and scientific methodology. Fyodor Dostoyevsky ❖ Many Enlightenment ideas are Thomas Hardy political in nature. Realism Period (1820 - 1920) Focuses on attention to detail and attempts to ❖ Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Strong replicate the true nature of reality in advocate for social reforms. unprecedented ways. ❖ Emile – A massively influential non-fiction piece advocating for ❖ Famous Writers: liberal education as a means to Franz Kafka create good citizens. William Butler Yeats ❖ Voltaire: Used dry wit and sarcasm T.S. Eliot to entertain readers and convincingly Vicente Blasco Ibáñez argue for reform. Naturalism Period (1870 - 1920) Romantic Movement (1798 - 1870) ❖ Goes beyond Realism by exploring the ❖ Displays variety in style, theme, and underlying causes of a person’s actions content. or beliefs. ❖ Focused on individuality, emotion, ❖ The environment significantly impacts and the mysterious over the the narrative structure. scientific. ❖ Shifted the literary focus from the Notable Figure: scientific to the mysterious. ❖ Notable Figures: ❖ Émile Zola: A highly influential writer Mary Shelley – Frankenstein who provided inspiration and a model in Lord Byron – Don Juan writing. Existentialism Period (1850 - Today) 1. Gryffindor ○ Values: Bravery, daring, nerve, ❖ Examines individual struggles and and chivalry the consequences of ethical decay ○ Colors: Scarlet and gold and personal destruction. ○ Famous Members: Harry Potter, ❖ Explores situations beyond Albus Dumbledore, Hermione characters’ control and how they Granger navigate them. 2. Hufflepuff ○ Values: Hard work, patience, Notable Works and Figures: loyalty, and fair play ○ Colors: Yellow and black ❖ Fyodor Dostoyevsky – Crime and ○ Famous Members: Hengist of Punishment Woodcroft, Newt Scamander ❖ Albert Camus: The most associated 3. Ravenclaw name with existentialist literature. ○ Values: Intelligence, creativity, curiosity, and wit Modernist Period (1910 - 1965) ○ Colors: Blue and bronze ○ Famous Members: Luna ❖ Literature introduces new Lovegood, Gilderoy Lockhart perspectives and ways of living. 4. Slytherin ❖ Writers experiment with new ○ Values: Ambition, leadership, concepts and approaches in their cunning, and resourcefulness work. ○ Colors: Green and silver ○ Famous Members: Severus Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling Snape, Tom Riddle, Draco Malfoy ❖ Author: Joanne Rowling (pen name J.K. Rowling) Quidditch ❖ A seven-book series (1997-2007) that follows Harry Potter and his A wizarding sport played on friends at Hogwarts School of broomsticks. Witchcraft and Wizardry. Often compared to football in the ❖ Over 500 million copies sold, Muggle world. translated into 70+ languages. ❖ Inspired a global media franchise, Harry Potter movies including films and video games. 1. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone: (2001) Hogwarts Houses 2. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets: (2002) 3. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban: (2004)  4. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire: (2005) 5. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix: ❖ According to Marquez, there isn’t (2007) anything out of place or unusual in works 6. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince: of magical realism; our world is simply a (2005) vast and mysterious place. 7. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 8. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part Examples 2: (2007) ❖ The House of Spirits by Isabel Allende: A wonderful world of a clairvoyant Lesson 5: LATIN- AMERICAN woman. ❖ Like Water for Chocolate by Laura LITERATURE Esquivel: Made the kitchen the site of magic. What is Magical Realism? Eva is Inside Her Cat A work of fiction where fantasy slips into everyday life. Character: Strangeness in magical realism often stems from folklore, myths, religious Eva: A beautiful woman burdened by her parables, and superstitions. beauty, feeling lonely and disconnected. Facilitates the inclusion of alternative belief systems. Plot: Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s works are defining examples of this genre. Eva struggles with her identity and the superficial attention her beauty attracts. Gabriel Garcia Marquez She dreams of escaping her human form by becoming a cat, but her longing for ❖ Born March 6, 1927, in Aracataca, freedom and connection remains Colombia. unresolved. ❖ Died April 17, 2014, in Mexico City, Mexico. Conflict: ❖ A Colombian novelist and one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. Internal (Man vs. Self): Eva battles feelings of isolation and dissatisfaction with her Accomplishments: identity. ❖ Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature Theme: in 1982. ❖ Authored One Hundred Years of The burden of beauty, existential Solitude, a novel that exemplifies a longing, and the search for identity perfect harmony between magic and amidst isolation. reality.