21st Century Literature Lessons Finals PDF

**UNIT I: WORLD LITERATURE** **LESSON 1: ASIAN LITERATURE** **WHAT IS ASIAN LITERATURE?** - - There are three Nobel Prize for Literature awardees from Asia. These Nobel Laureates are: - - - **INDIAN LITERATURE** - - - - - - ***CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN LITERATURE:***...

**UNIT I: WORLD LITERATURE** **LESSON 1: ASIAN LITERATURE** **WHAT IS ASIAN LITERATURE?** - - There are three Nobel Prize for Literature awardees from Asia. These Nobel Laureates are: - - - **INDIAN LITERATURE** - - - - - - ***CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN LITERATURE:*** - - - - - - **JAPANESE LITERATURE ** - - - - - - - **CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE LITERATURE:** - - - - - **CHINESE LITERATURE ** - - - **CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE LITERATURE:** - - - - - - - - **Roles in Modern Society** - - - - **LESSON 2: NORTH AMERICAN LITERATURE** **\ ** **WHAT IS NORTH AMERICAN LITERATURE?** - - - - - - - - - **OTHER NOTABLE NORTH AMERICAN WRITERS DURING THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD:** - - - - - **North American Literature Characteristics** - - - - - - - - - - **LESSON 3: EUROPEAN LITERATURE** **WHAT IS EUROPEAN LITERATURE?** - - - - - **Characteristics of European Literature** - - - - - **LESSON 3: LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE** **ABOUT LATIN AMERICA** - **IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "SOUTH AMERICA" AND "LATIN AMERICA"?** - - **LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE** - - - - - - **HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE** **MAJOR THEMES OF LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE:** 1. 2. 3. 4. **OTHER PRINCIPLES UNDER THE FANTASTIC:** - - - - - **LESSON 5: AFRICAN LITERATURE** **WHAT IS AFRICAN LITERATURE?** - - - - **African Literature provides...** - - - - **PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **COLONIAL LITERATURE** - - ***The Girl Who Killed to Save**: **Nongqawuse the Liberator 1935  *** ***(Herbert Isaac Ernest Dhlomo)*** - - - - **POST COLONIAL LITERATURE** - - - **FAMOUS AUTHORS:** **CHINUA ACHEBE** - - **WOLE SOYINKA** - - - **UNIT II: LITERARY APPROACHES** **LESSON 1: FORMALISM** **WHAT IS "LITERARY CRITICISM"?** **Literary Approaches/Criticism** - - - - **Critical Approaches** - - - - - **DIFFERENT CRITICAL APPROACHES** - - - - - - - - - - - - **FORMALISM** ***ETYMOLOGY*:** The word '*[formalism]*' is derived from the word '[form]'. The '[ism]' is a belief or an approach of looking at things. So, '*[formalism]*' **is the approach of looking at things strictly adhering to their forms.** **WHAT IS FORMALISM/FORMALIST CRITICISM?** Formalism is an object-centered theory of critical approach to literature. [It focuses only on the work itself] and completely ignores the author of the work, time and background information of the work, and the audiences' feeling or perception about the work. ***[Formalist Criticism]*** analyzes the **[form]** of a literary work to discover its true meaning (not what the audiences think but what the text says). Formalism holds that true meaning can be determined only by analyzing the literary elements of the text and by understanding the connection of these elements to form up a cohesive whole. **FOR FOMALISM...** - - - - - - Formalism asserts that formal properties are the only things that matter about literature. The ***formal properties*** of a literary work [include]: - - - - - - The ***formal properties*** of a literary work do **NOT** include:  - - - - - - - - - - **NOTE:** You will **NOT** **dissect the elements** that comprise a literary work. You will just **[identify]** them and **[analyze how they work harmoniously to shape the effect of the text to the reader.]** Formalism emphasizes ***close readings*** of the text to analyze the deeper meanings of the words individually and collectively.        **What is a Text?  ** According to Formalism, - - - - **A Checklist for Formalist Criticism:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Literary devices such as imageries, similes, metaphors, ironies, paradox, etc. - How the literary devices function to create meaning **LESSON 2: HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM** *"Every secret of a writer's soul, every experience of his life, every quality of his mind, is written large in his works."* **---** Virginia Woolf **WHAT IS "HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM"?** **Historical-Biographical Criticism** - - **WHEN APPLYING HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM, ONE MIGHT CONSIDER:** - - - **IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE AUTHOR THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED:** - - - - - - **HISTORICAL ASPECTS DURING THE AUTHOR'S TIME THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED:** - - - After knowing the background of the author, one should determine **[how the author used these facts in his/her literary work.]** **EXAMPLE OF HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH BEING APPLIED TO A TEXT:** - - - - - - - - **IS HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM APPLICABLE TO ALL LITERARY TEXTS?** - **LESSON 3: PSYCHOANALYSIS** **WHAT IS "PSYCHOANALYSIS"?** **Psychoanalytic Criticism** - - - **Sigmund Freud (The Father of Psychoanalytic Theory)** - - **AIM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS:** To bring repressed memories, desires, and wishes to the surface. **APPLYING PSYCHOANALYSIS IN LITERATURE:** When reading a text, [assume that you are a psychologist...] You will analyze: - - - - **LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS** - - - **REPRESSION** - - - - **FIXATION** - **TYPES OF FIXATION** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **OEDIPUS COMPLEX** - **ELECTRA COMPLEX** - **ANXIETY** - **TYPES OF ANXIETY** - - - - - **DEFENSE MECHANISMS** - **TYPES OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS** - - - - - - - **STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY** - - - **DREAM ANALYSIS** - - - - - - - - - - - - **[CRITICISM TOWARDS PSYCHOANALYSIS]:** Sometimes leads to 'over-interpretation" **LESSON 4: STRUCTURALISM** **WHAT IS "STRUCTURALISM"?** **Structuralism** - - - - - - - **EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURALIST CRITICISM:** Structuralist Criticism says that all text is part of a bigger picture because of symbols and signs.  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Analyzing the symbols and signs found in typical plots such as these is how Structuralists determine the function of the text. **[THE THREE DIMENSIONS IN INDIVIDUAL LITERARY TEXTS:\ ]** - - - **[Textuality]** - - - **[Intertextuality]** - - **Example \#1:** - - - - **Example \#2:** - **Example \#3:** - - - **Example \#4:** - **Example \#5:** - **[Binary Oppositions]** - **Examples**: - - - - - **EXAMPLE OF BINARY OPPOSITIONS IN LITERATURE:** - **ADVANTAGES OF STRUCTURALISM:** - - **DISADVANTAGE OF STRUCTURALISM:** - **QUESTIONS OF STRUCTURALIST THEORISTS TO INTERPRET A TEXT:** 1. 2. 3. 4.