21st Century Literature from Asian Countries PDF

Summary

This document provides an overview of literature from different Asian countries. It discusses various literary works and movements from China, Japan, India, and the Arab world. The document also includes summaries of notable works and authors.

Full Transcript

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Asian Literature Asian Literature Chinese Literature Chinese Literature Through cultural contacts, Chinese literature has profoundly influenced the literary traditions of other Asian countries, particularly Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. ...

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Asian Literature Asian Literature Chinese Literature Chinese Literature Through cultural contacts, Chinese literature has profoundly influenced the literary traditions of other Asian countries, particularly Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Some Notable Literary Works from China The Analects (Lun Yu) The Analects, also known as the Sayings of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius Learning without thinking is useless. Thinking without learning is dangerous. The superior man has a dignified ease without pride. The mean man has pride without a dignified ease. What is The Analects or Lunyu? Lunyu has been translated into English as The Analects of Confucius. Lunyu is considered by scholars to be the most reliable source of the doctrine of the ancient sage Confucius (551–479 bc) and is usually the first Confucian text studied in schools. Some famous Confucian quotes Never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself.”... “Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance.”... “I hear and I forget.... “Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it.”... “The Superior Man is aware of Righteousness, the inferior man is aware of advantage.” What are the “The five constant relationships” (五 5 relationships 伦) refers to the five fundamental in Analects? relationships in Confucian philosophy: those between ruler and subject, father and son, elder brother and younger brother, husband and wife, and friend and friend Confucius is one of Asia’s most influential teachers and philosophers. He believed that individuals should be aware of their place in the world and should nurture the inherent goodness within themselves. For him, an individual’s inner virtues can be fully realized through proper behavior toward other human beings. Five Classics of Confucian Philosophy (Wu Jing) Five Classics of Confucian Philosophy (Wu Jing) Tao Te Ching (Classic of the Way of Power) Taoism- A philosophy that focuses on living life according to the fundamental principle of Tao. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1.TAO (THE WAY)- The ultimate, unites all things in the universe 2.WU-WEI (NON-ACTION)- The idea of taking action in harmony with the flow of the universe. 3.YIN AND YANG- the concept of dualism, representing complementary forces that are interconnected and interdependent in the natural world. 4.SIMPLICITY AND HUMILITY 5.NATURALISM a.Yijing (Classic of Changes) – metaphysical vision; combines divinatory art with numerological technique and ethical insight b. Shujing (Classic of History) – political vision; presents kingship in terms of the ethical foundation for a humane government c. Shijing (Classic of Poetry) – poetic vision; underscores the Confucian valuation of common human feelings d. Liji (Record of Rites) – social vision; shows society not as an adversarial system based on contractual relationships but as a community of trust with emphasis on communication e. Chunqui (Spring and Autumn Annals) – historical vision; emphasizes the significance of collective memory for communal self-identification Japanese Literature Japanese Literature Japanese Literature Japanese literature, the body of written works produced by Japanese or, in its earliest beginnings, at a time when Japan had no written language, in the Chinese classical language Japanese Literature Some Notable Literary Works from Japan The Manyoshu (Book of Ten Thousand Leaves) The Manyoshu (Book of Ten Thousand Leaves -Is a collection of ancient Japanese poems compiled during the NARA PERIOD but including many earlier works. The most likely person to have assembled the collection is Otomo no Yakamochi, himself a prolific poet who included nearly 300 for his own works in the Manyoshu. -The Manyoshu is regarded as a literary classic and high point of Japanese poetry. (4500 poems) The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu The Tale of Genji is a classic Japanese novel written by Murasaki th Shikibu in the early 11 century. It follows the life of Hikaru Genji, the son of an emperor, as he navigates love, loss and the intricacies of court life. 1. This refers to the collection or compilation of the sayings of Confucius 2. This refers to the concept of Confucianism, emphasizing respect towards one’s parents and ancestors and foundation of moral behaviour and social harmony. 3. Who wrote the classical novel in Japanese literature,The Tale of Genji 4. He is one of the Asia’s most influential teachers and philosphers. 5. What refers to the compilation of Japanese poems –having 4500 poems. Indian Literature Indian Literature Sanskrit -an ancient language regarded as the liturgical language of Hinduism and a key medium for classical literature, philosophy and science. Vedas – Vedas means knowledge and wisdom. Vedas are the oldest sacred text in Hinduism , comprising four main collections. 1. Rig Veda - is one of the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, composed in ancient Sanskrit. A collection of hymns dedicated to various deities. Rig Veda One well known hymn form the Rig- Veda is the Gayatri Mantra “We meditate on the divine light of that adorable Sun. May it inspire our intellects” 2. Samaveda - Focuses on melodies and chants for rituals 3. Yajurveda -contains prose mantras for sacrificial rituals 4. Atharveda -includes hymns and spells for daily life and healing. Hinduism- one of the world’s oldest religions, characterized by a diverse range of beliefs , practices, and rituals. It encompasses various philosophies. Vedas Some Notable Literary Works from India Mahabharata The Mahabharata -tells the story of two royal families, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, who compete for the throne. The epic unfolds with their childhood, rivalries, and great war on battlefield. Ramayana The Ramayana centers on Rama’s quest to rescue Sita from the demon King Ravana. It explores themes of duty, love, loyalty and the struggle between good and evil. Panchatantra Arabic Literature Arabic Literature Muhammad -founder of Islam and regarded by Muslim as the last prophet of God. He is believed to have received the revelations from God, which later compiled into Quran The Thousand and One Nights Arabian Nights explore themes of fate, morality, and the power of storytelling, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the region. The story feature famous characters like Aladdin, Sinbad, and Alibaba. Southeast Asian Literature Southeast Asian Literature Some Notable Literary Works from Southeast Asia Khun Chang Khun Phaen (Thailand) The Tale of Lady Kieu (Vietnam) Asian Literature Question

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