Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders?
Selective loss of neurons with associated secondary changes in white matter tracts
What is a common characteristic of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disorders?
They are resistant to degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system
Which neurocognitive disorder is characterized by impairment in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?
Major neurocognitive disorder
What is a distinguishing feature of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?
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What defines early-stage neurocognitive disorder?
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Which type of dementia is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies?
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What is a common finding in many neurodegenerative disorders?
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Which of the following is true about major neurocognitive disorder?
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What is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?
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What are the general pathological findings associated with Alzheimer disease?
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What is APP thought to be in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease?
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Which genetic factors are associated with severe early-onset Alzheimer disease?
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"Aggregates of beta-amyloid are directly neurotoxic and also activate microglia and astrocytes, resulting in chronic inflammatory injury to neurons". What is the significance of this statement in the context of Alzheimer disease?
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"It is thought that accumulation of beta-amyloid is responsible for neurofibrillary tangles within neurons". What does this statement imply about the relationship between beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles?
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Which cognitive functions are primarily orchestrated by the prefrontal cortex?
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What is a characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease dementia?
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Which cognitive abilities are typically impaired in frontotemporal dementias?
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What distinguishes frontotemporal dementias from Alzheimer's disease?
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What is a common cause of vascular dementia?
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What distinguishes the clinical presentation of vascular dementia from Alzheimer's disease?
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What does MMSE assess in terms of cognition?
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Which characteristics are typical of frontotemporal dementias?
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What is a distinguishing feature of Lewy body dementia compared to frontotemporal dementias?
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Which virus can migrate to the central nervous system and remain dormant?
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What is the most common disorder of glucose metabolism?
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What effect does insulin have on glucose storage and production?
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What is a consequence of insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology?
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What effect does long-term hyperglycemia have on insulin resistance?
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What is a consequence of insulin resistance linked to elevated levels of free fatty acids?
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Which disorder is characterized by slow development of impaired cognition and personality changes?
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Study Notes
Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer's Disease
- Herpes viruses HSV-1, HHV-6, and HHV-7 can migrate to the central nervous system and remain dormant.
- In Alzheimer's patients, amyloid accumulation may lead to chronic inflammation instead of fighting viruses.
- Type II diabetes is the most common disorder of glucose metabolism.
- Diabetic patients develop resistance to insulin due to genetic and lifestyle factors.
- Insulin increases glucose storage, decreases new glucose production, and inhibits lipolysis.
- Insulin resistance is an important component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology.
- Insulin resistance reduces synaptogenesis and normal neuronal physiology.
- Insulin resistance increases proinflammatory cytokine levels, leading to glial activation and neuronal damage.
- Long-term hyperglycemia causes insulin resistance, affecting the blood-brain barrier and causing neuronal damage.
- Insulin resistance is linked to elevated levels of free fatty acids, causing microglial activation and neuronal damage.
- Alzheimer's disease is characterized by slow development of impaired cognition and personality changes.
- Dementia with Lewy bodies is a genetically-determined disorder with Parkinson-like movement symptoms and cognitive fluctuations.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the link between viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and chronic conditions like Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes.