30 Questions
Which of the following bone components is responsible for reducing the weight of large bones?
Cancellous
Which of the following is a large channel in which large blood and lymph vessels enter the bone?
Volksman canals
What component of connective tissue is responsible for bone formation?
Osteoblasts
Which type of bone formation occurs when bone grows into and replaces cartilage?
Endochondral bone formation
What is the primary growth center for bone development in the diaphyses?
Epiphyseal plate
Which type of bone marrow forms blood cells?
Red bone marrow
Which type of bone formation is primarily responsible for new bone in puppies and kittens?
Endochondral bone formation at the epiphyseal plates
What is the term for the growth plate of a bone?
Epiphyseal plate
Which of the following bone shapes is characterized by being thin and flat, such as the skull and scapula?
Flat
What is the term for a hole in a bone that may contain blood vessels or nerves?
Foramen
Which of the following is not an articular surface?
Process
What is a hole in a bone that blood vessels, etc run through called?
Foramen
Which bones form the cranium?
Occipital, Interparietal, Parietal, Temporal, Frontal
Which of the following is not a bone of the cranium?
Incisive
What is the only movable bone of the skull?
Mandible
Which of the following is an example of a mesocephalic skull?
Golden Retriever
What are the basic functions of bones?
Protection, Support, Movement
What are the two types of bone structure?
Compact and Spongy
How is blood supplied to the bones?
Through blood vessels in the periosteum
What is the function of the Bone Marrow and what are the different types?
Bone Marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The two types are red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.
Which type of bone structure consists of spicules and contains bone marrow?
Cancellous bone
What is the function of the periosteum?
To cover the outer surface of bones
Which type of bone makes up the shaft of long bones and the outside layer of all bones?
Compact bone
What is the function of the Haversian systems in bones?
To provide blood, lymph vessels, and nerves
What is the function of the endosteum in bones?
To line the hollow interior bone surfaces
How do tiny blood vessels penetrate the bone from the periosteum?
Through nutrient foramina
What are the larger blood vessels that enter many of the larger bones called?
Volkmann's canals
What is the function of the nutrient foramina in bones?
To allow larger blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves to enter the bone
What is the function of cancellous bone in the skeletal system?
To support the body
What is the function of compact bone in the skeletal system?
To provide leverage for movement
Study Notes
Bone Structure and Function
- Trabecular or cancellous bone reduces weight in large bones by having a porous structure.
- The medullary cavity is a large channel where blood and lymph vessels enter bone.
- Osteoblasts, a component of connective tissue, are responsible for bone formation.
- Endochondral ossification is the type of bone formation that involves replacement of cartilage with bone.
- Diaphysis growth occurs primarily at primary ossification centers.
Bone Marrow
- Red bone marrow forms blood cells and is crucial for hematopoiesis.
- In young animals, the type of bone formation that creates new bone is primarily intramembranous ossification.
Bone Growth Features
- The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is critical for the lengthening of bones during growth.
- Flat bones, such as those found in the skull and scapula, are characterized by their thin, flat shape.
- A foramen is a hole in a bone that may allow passage for blood vessels or nerves.
Cranial and Facial Bones
- The cranial bones include the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
- The mandible is the only movable bone of the skull.
- Mesocephalic skulls have a moderate head shape, exemplified by breeds like Labrador Retrievers.
Functions and Structures of Bones
- Basic functions of bones include support, movement, protection of organs, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
- Two types of bone structure are compact bone and cancellous (spongy) bone.
- Blood supply to bones is facilitated by various types of blood vessels, including nutrient arteries and smaller vessels that penetrate from the periosteum.
- Bone marrow serves multiple roles, with red marrow producing blood cells and yellow marrow storing fat.
Bone Types and Their Functions
- Cancellous bone contains spicules and assists in weight reduction and housing bone marrow.
- Compact bone provides strength and support, making up the shaft of long bones and outer layers of all bones.
- Haversian systems, part of compact bone, help in the nourishment and maintenance of bone tissue.
- The endosteum functions in bone growth and repair, lining the medullary cavity.
- Nutrient foramina allow larger blood vessels to enter the bone, delivering essential nutrients.
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system with this informative quiz! Learn about the functions, structure, terminology, blood supply, formation, shapes, bone marrow, and classification of bones. Begin identifying the bones of the skull and expand your anatomical knowledge. Watch the accompanying video for further learning.
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