116 Questions
Which type of bones is the femur classified as?
Long bones
Where is cancellous or spongy bone primarily found?
Epiphyses
What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?
Breaking down and resorbing bones
Which part of the bone covers the bones but not the joints?
Periosteum
Which type of bone tissue is dense and hard, typically found in the long shafts of bones?
Compact bone
Where is yellow bone marrow primarily located?
Ileum
Which type of muscles are described as voluntary muscles?
Skeletal muscles
What is the main function of osteoblasts in bone structure?
Building bones
Where are smooth muscles mainly found?
In the walls of blood vessels
What is the primary function of cartilage in joints?
To reduce friction between joint surfaces
What is the function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
To stabilize bones and keep them in proper alignment
What is the characteristic of synarthrodial joints?
Immovable
Where is hyaline cartilage primarily found in the body?
Covering movable joints like the elbow
What is the function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?
Attach muscles to bones
What is the role of bursae in the musculoskeletal system?
Reduce friction between areas
What is the purpose of arthrogram in diagnostic testing?
To view irregular joint surfaces and movement
What is the most common use of arthroscopy?
Evaluating the knee joint
What is the main purpose of elevating the entire leg without flexing the knee after arthroscopy?
To reduce swelling
What is the primary function of bone densitometry (DEXA scan)?
To measure bone density
What is the main purpose of a bone scan using intravenous radionuclide injection?
To detect metastatic bone lesions
When might electromyography (EMG) be performed?
To differentiate muscle and nerve problems
What does a Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) help predict?
10-year fracture risk and risk for osteoporosis
'Arthrocentesis' refers to which medical procedure?
'Aspiration of synovial fluid'
Which factor helps maximize peak bone mass before the age of 30?
High calcium intake
What are the normal findings for circulation in neurovascular assessment?
Presence of strong distal pulses
What is the abnormal finding for sensation in arm injury assessment?
Numbness or tingling at the tip of the index finger
Which term describes an excessive concave curvature of the lumbar spine?
Lordosis
What is a gerontologic consideration related to the musculoskeletal system in older adults?
Compression of spinal column disks
What can accelerate the loss of bone mass according to the text?
Hypercalciuria
What is a possible consequence of bone resorption occurring more rapidly than bone formation?
Increased risk for osteoporosis
What is a normal finding regarding muscle strength assessment described in the text?
Demonstrating a 'hitchhiker's sign'
What is the purpose of a 24-hour urine collection in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
To determine levels of uric acid and calcium excretion
What does an elevated alkaline phosphatase level typically indicate?
Paget's disease
Which condition may be suggested by an elevated serum uric acid level?
Gout
What significance does a decreased serum calcium level hold in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
Osteomalacia
In the context of musculoskeletal disorders, what does an increased serum phosphorus level suggest?
Bone tumors and healing fractures
Which diagnostic finding may be associated with metastatic bone lesions?
Elevated acid phosphatase level
'Resume bathing and activity as directed by physician' is a teaching point related to:
'Client and Family Teaching 60-1 Musculoskeletal Care'
Where are osteocytes primarily found within the bone structure?
Inside the compact bone
Which bones are classified as irregular bones?
Sternum and vertebrae
What is the primary function of the periosteum in bone structure?
Supply bones with nourishment
What is the primary function of yellow bone marrow?
Store fat cells
Which cells are involved in the resorption and remodeling of bone tissue?
Osteoclasts
What is the composition of bones according to the text?
Cells, protein matrix, and mineral deposits
Where is cancellous or spongy bone primarily located?
At the ends of bones (epiphyses)
What is the main role of osteoblasts in bone metabolism?
Building bones by forming new bone tissue
What is the effect of an adequate calcium intake before the age of 30 on bone mass?
Maximizes peak bone mass
Which curvatures are described in the text as part of spinal inspection?
Kyphosis, Lordosis, and Scoliosis
What does a decrease in the fibrocartilage of intervertebral disks with age cause?
Compression of the spinal column
In older adults, what contributes to a height loss of as much as 1 to 2 cm every two decades?
Thinning and drying of intervertebral disk fibrocartilage
What does bone resorption occurring more rapidly than bone formation lead to?
Greater risk for skeletal fractures
How does age-related decline in estrogen and testosterone production impact bone?
Promotes bone resorption
What contributes to age-related changes affecting the musculoskeletal system in older adults?
Hereditary genetic patterns
How can older adults delay the decline in muscle strength and bone mass according to the text?
Regularly engaging in physical activity
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in diarthrodial joints?
Reducing friction during joint movement
In musculoskeletal disorders, what is the significance of obtaining a family history?
To identify if relatives have had similar symptoms
What is the primary function of tendons in relation to muscles?
Attach muscles to bone surfaces
How do ligaments contribute to joint stability?
By stabilizing adjacent movable bones
What is the characteristic of smooth muscles in the body?
Respond to involuntary impulses
What is the primary purpose of a bursa in the musculoskeletal system?
Prevent bone-to-bone contact at joints
Why is a thorough neurovascular assessment essential for clients with musculoskeletal disorders?
To detect alterations in nerve and blood supply
What is the purpose of checking capillary refill time in the musculoskeletal assessment?
To evaluate peripheral circulation
What is the main role of an arthrogram in diagnostic testing?
To visualize abnormal joint surfaces and movements
When might a bone scan be ordered in the context of musculoskeletal assessment?
To detect metastatic bone lesions and fractures
What does a Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) consider when predicting a client's fracture risk?
Clinical risk factors and bone density results
In musculoskeletal assessment, what does an electromyography (EMG) primarily evaluate?
Muscle weakness or deterioration
What is the significance of aspirating synovial fluid in arthrocentesis?
To analyze the composition of synovium
Which procedure involves internal inspection of a joint using an arthroscope?
Arthroscopy
What is the primary function of an arthroscopy procedure?
Visualizing internal structures of a joint
What does an elevated acid phosphatase level typically indicate in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
Paget's disease
In the context of musculoskeletal disorders, what does a decreased serum calcium level potentially suggest?
Osteomalacia
What is the significance of an elevated serum uric acid level in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
Gout
Which musculoskeletal disorder could be suggested by an increased serum phosphorus level?
Bone tumors
What is the potential implication of having an elevated antinuclear antibody level in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Why might a nurse order a 24-hour Urine analysis for a patient with musculoskeletal issues?
To measure serum uric acid levels
What is the possible interpretation of an elevated alkaline phosphatase level in relation to musculoskeletal conditions?
'Decreased serum calcium level'
Which type of bone tissue is described as light and containing many spaces?
Cancellous (spongy) bone
What is the primary role of osteocytes in bone structure?
Mature bone cells
Where is red bone marrow primarily found in the human body?
In the sternum and ileum
What is the main benefit of adequate calcium intake before the age of 30?
Maximizing peak bone mass
What is the main function of periosteum in relation to bones?
Supplying bones with nourishment
What does an exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine refer to?
Kyphosis
Which type of bone cells are responsible for the destruction, resorption, and remodeling of bone?
Osteoclasts
In the musculoskeletal assessment, what can an absence of local edema indicate?
Normal tissue hydration
In which part of bones is cortical or compact bone primarily found?
Diaphyses
What is the composition of bones that includes cells, protein matrix, and mineral deposits?
All of the above
What is a potential consequence of bone resorption exceeding bone formation with age?
Higher susceptibility to osteoporosis
What is a common sign of abnormal circulation in neurovascular assessment?
Pale skin color
What is the primary function of yellow bone marrow in the human body?
Consists primarily of fat cells and connective tissue
Which neurological nerve damage can manifest as the 'hitchhiker's sign'?
Radial nerve
What contributes to a decrease in muscle strength and bone mass among older adults?
Hypercalciuria and malabsorption
What is the primary function of osteocytes within the bone structure?
'Communicating' between bone cells
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane in diarthrodial joints?
Acting as a lubricant by producing synovial fluid
Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx, epiglottis, and outer ear?
Elastic cartilage
In the context of musculoskeletal disorders, what is the main purpose of bursae?
Reducing friction between areas
Where are smooth muscles mainly found in the body?
In the walls of certain organs or body cavities
What is the characteristic of amphiarthrodial joints?
Slightly movable joints found at suture lines in the skull
What is the primary role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
Stabilizing bones and keeping joints properly aligned
How do skeletal muscles differ from smooth muscles?
Skeletal muscles are voluntary while smooth muscles are involuntary
'What type of joint is a gliding joint like the one found in fingers?'
'Diarthrodial joint'
What is the primary purpose of bone densitometry, also known as a DEXA scan?
To predict a client's fracture risk
In musculoskeletal assessment, what is the significance of checking capillary refill time?
To assess tissue perfusion
What is the primary purpose of arthrocentesis in the context of musculoskeletal procedures?
To aspirate synovial fluid
Why might a bone scan using intravenous radionuclide injection be ordered?
To detect metastatic bone lesions
What is the primary purpose of electromyography (EMG) testing?
To differentiate muscle and nerve problems
What is the main role of an arthrogram in diagnostic testing?
To visualize internal joint structures
What is the primary function of an arthroscopy procedure?
To internally inspect a joint
What does the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) help predict?
The risk for having osteoporosis
What does an elevated alkaline phosphatase level typically indicate in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
Metastatic bone lesions
In the context of musculoskeletal disorders, what does an increased serum phosphorus level suggest?
Bone tumors
What is the potential implication of having an elevated antinuclear antibody level in the context of musculoskeletal disorders?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
What is the significance of obtaining a family history in musculoskeletal disorders?
Predicting fracture risk
Why might a nurse order a 24-hour Urine analysis for a patient with musculoskeletal issues?
To determine levels of uric acid excretion
What is the main function of the periosteum in bone structure?
Nutrient and blood vessel supply to bones
What is the primary function of cartilage in joints?
Joint stability and cushioning
What is the main purpose of elevating the entire leg without flexing the knee after arthroscopy?
Help reduce swelling in the knee joint.
Test your knowledge on nutrition and musculoskeletal assessments. Topics include peak bone mass, calcium intake, bone density, and neurovascular assessment findings. Learn about normal and abnormal circulation and capillary refill.
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