the musculoskeletal system
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the musculoskeletal system?

  • To provide attachment points for muscles
  • To reduce friction during movement (correct)
  • To produce blood cells
  • To connect bones to each other

    • What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

  • To connect bones to each other
  • To provide attachment points for muscles (correct)
  • To produce blood cells
  • To lubricate joints

    • What is the function of the synovial membrane fluid in the musculoskeletal system?

  • To connect bones to each other
  • To provide attachment points for muscles
  • To reduce friction during movement (correct)
  • To produce blood cells

    • What is the process by which bone marrow produces blood cells?

    <p>Hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To differentiate into other cell types within the same lineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To connect bones to each other and provide stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of endurance exercise on muscle fibres?

    <p>Formation of more capillary networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibre is predominantly used in resistance exercise?

    <p>Fast-twitch fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the age-related decline in muscle mass and function?

    <p>Sarcopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?

    <p>To generate force to pump blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of smooth muscle fibres that allows them to twist as they contract?

    <p>Non-striated appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which muscles return to their original length when relaxed?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the cell type generated by a stem cell?

    <p>The condition and stresses placed on the stem cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of long bones?

    <p>To move as levers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hard, outer layer of a long bone?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which osteoclasts break down bone?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the primary cell of mature bone?

    <p>Osteocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects two bones together?

    <p>Articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cells that are responsible for forming new bone matrix?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cells that are responsible for breaking down bone?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which bone grows?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that is responsible for bone growth?

    <p>Epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for calcium absorption in the body?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reduction in bone mass, where the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of joint that allows for freely movable joints?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bursa in the skeletal system?

    <p>To reduce friction between skin, ligaments, muscles, and tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of muscle tissue that skeletal muscle is composed of?

    <p>Striated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which skeletal muscles contract and relax?

    <p>The sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the nervous system's control of muscle tension?

    <p>To store calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when muscle cells grow during exercise?

    <p>The existing muscle cells grow in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the connection between the axon terminal and a specialized area of the sarcolemma?

    <p>Neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetylcholine in the nervous system's control of muscle tension?

    <p>To bind to its receptors and depolarize the sarcolemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone health?

    <p>To maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between long bones and short bones?

    <p>Long bones are longer than they are wide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osteoblasts in bone health?

    <p>To form new bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of bone that provides strength to the bone from the lines of stress?

    <p>Trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth?

    <p>To facilitate bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone health?

    <p>To break down bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of bone that is irregular in shape?

    <p>Irregular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that connects two bones together?

    <p>Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mesenchymal stem cells in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To generate cells based on the condition and stress placed on them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of bone marking that is an opening or groove in the bone?

    <p>Hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of synovial fluid in the joint cavity?

    <p>To reduce friction between bones and joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epimysium in skeletal muscle tissue?

    <p>To provide connective tissue support to the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium binding to troponin in the sliding filament theory?

    <p>It exposes the myosin binding sites on actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the nervous system's control of muscle tension?

    <p>To store calcium ions for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action potential moving further into the depth of the muscle fibers?

    <p>Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Ach binding to its receptors on the muscle fiber?

    <p>It depolarizes the muscle fiber membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of muscle cells growing during exercise?

    <p>The muscle cells grow in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To provide structural support to the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the perimysium in skeletal muscle tissue?

    <p>To separate the muscle fibers into fascicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the myosin heads binding to actin in the sliding filament theory?

    <p>The actin molecules slide past the myosin heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To connect bones to each other and provide stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cartilage in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To cushion and reduce friction during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into other mature cells?

    <p>Differentiation into cells of the same lineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the synovial membrane fluid in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To lubricate the joint and reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bone marrow in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To produce blood cells through hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To attach muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adaptation of muscle fibres in response to endurance exercise?

    <p>Formation of more capillary networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle fibres that allows them to contract as a unit?

    <p>They are physically and electrically connected to one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs when muscle cells eventually die and are replaced with connective tissue and adipose tissue with age?

    <p>Muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of smooth muscle fibres that allows them to twist as they contract?

    <p>They are non-striated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?

    <p>To allow people to move and perform daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of resistance exercise on muscle fibres?

    <p>Hypertrophy of muscle fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

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