64 Questions
What is the primary function of cartilage in the musculoskeletal system?
To reduce friction during movement
What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?
To provide attachment points for muscles
What is the function of the synovial membrane fluid in the musculoskeletal system?
To reduce friction during movement
What is the process by which bone marrow produces blood cells?
Hematopoiesis
What is the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the musculoskeletal system?
To differentiate into other cell types within the same lineage
What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
To connect bones to each other and provide stability
What is the primary effect of endurance exercise on muscle fibres?
Formation of more capillary networks
Which type of muscle fibre is predominantly used in resistance exercise?
Fast-twitch fibres
What is the term for the age-related decline in muscle mass and function?
Sarcopenia
What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?
To generate force to pump blood throughout the body
What is the characteristic of smooth muscle fibres that allows them to twist as they contract?
Non-striated appearance
What is the process by which muscles return to their original length when relaxed?
Elasticity
What is the primary factor that determines the cell type generated by a stem cell?
The condition and stresses placed on the stem cell
What is the main function of long bones?
To move as levers
What is the name of the hard, outer layer of a long bone?
Compact bone
What is the name of the process by which osteoclasts break down bone?
Bone resorption
What is the name of the primary cell of mature bone?
Osteocyte
What is the name of the structure that connects two bones together?
Articulation
What is the name of the cells that are responsible for forming new bone matrix?
Osteoblasts
What is the name of the cells that are responsible for breaking down bone?
Osteoclasts
What is the name of the process by which bone grows?
Bone formation
What is the name of the structure that is responsible for bone growth?
Epiphyseal plate
What is required for calcium absorption in the body?
Vitamin D
What is the term for the reduction in bone mass, where the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation?
Osteoporosis
What is the type of joint that allows for freely movable joints?
Synovial joint
What is the function of the bursa in the skeletal system?
To reduce friction between skin, ligaments, muscles, and tendons
What is the type of muscle tissue that skeletal muscle is composed of?
Striated muscle
What is the process by which skeletal muscles contract and relax?
The sliding filament theory
What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the nervous system's control of muscle tension?
To store calcium
What happens when muscle cells grow during exercise?
The existing muscle cells grow in size
What is the term for the connection between the axon terminal and a specialized area of the sarcolemma?
Neuromuscular junction
What is the role of acetylcholine in the nervous system's control of muscle tension?
To bind to its receptors and depolarize the sarcolemma
What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone health?
To maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix
What is the main difference between long bones and short bones?
Long bones are longer than they are wide
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone health?
To form new bone matrix
What is the term for the type of bone that provides strength to the bone from the lines of stress?
Trabecular bone
What is the function of the epiphyseal plate in bone growth?
To facilitate bone growth
What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone health?
To break down bone matrix
What is the name of the type of bone that is irregular in shape?
Irregular bone
What is the name of the structure that connects two bones together?
Ligament
What is the primary function of mesenchymal stem cells in the musculoskeletal system?
To generate cells based on the condition and stress placed on them
What is the term for the type of bone marking that is an opening or groove in the bone?
Hole
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in the joint cavity?
To reduce friction between bones and joints
What is the role of the epimysium in skeletal muscle tissue?
To provide connective tissue support to the muscle
What is the effect of calcium binding to troponin in the sliding filament theory?
It exposes the myosin binding sites on actin
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the nervous system's control of muscle tension?
To store calcium ions for muscle contraction
What is the result of the action potential moving further into the depth of the muscle fibers?
Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the effect of Ach binding to its receptors on the muscle fiber?
It depolarizes the muscle fiber membrane
What is the result of muscle cells growing during exercise?
The muscle cells grow in size
What is the function of the ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
To provide structural support to the joint
What is the role of the perimysium in skeletal muscle tissue?
To separate the muscle fibers into fascicles
What is the result of the myosin heads binding to actin in the sliding filament theory?
The actin molecules slide past the myosin heads
What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
To connect bones to each other and provide stability
What is the role of cartilage in the musculoskeletal system?
To cushion and reduce friction during movement
What is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into other mature cells?
Differentiation into cells of the same lineage
What is the function of the synovial membrane fluid in the musculoskeletal system?
To lubricate the joint and reduce friction
What is the role of bone marrow in the musculoskeletal system?
To produce blood cells through hematopoiesis
What is the function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?
To attach muscles to bones
What is the primary adaptation of muscle fibres in response to endurance exercise?
Formation of more capillary networks
What is the characteristic of cardiac muscle fibres that allows them to contract as a unit?
They are physically and electrically connected to one another
What is the process that occurs when muscle cells eventually die and are replaced with connective tissue and adipose tissue with age?
Muscle atrophy
What is the characteristic of smooth muscle fibres that allows them to twist as they contract?
They are non-striated
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
To allow people to move and perform daily activities
What is the result of resistance exercise on muscle fibres?
Hypertrophy of muscle fibres
Discover the importance of calcium and vitamin D in maintaining good bone health, and how osteoporosis affects bone mass and joint stability. Learn about the role of nutrition and other factors in preventing bone fractures and promoting joint health.
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