Genotype vs Phenotype - Chapter 17 Quiz

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

• A segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait is known as a gene.

Genotype and Phenotype

• The alleles that an organism has are referred to as its genotype.
• The observable expression of a particular trait is known as the phenotype.
• The genotype dictates the phenotype.

Central Dogma

• The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes two stages: transcription and translation.
• The information content of genes is in the specific sequences of nucleotides.
• The process of synthesizing RNA using the information in DNA is called transcription.
• According to the central dogma, the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell is RNA (DNA → RNA → Proteins).

Transcription and Translation

• Transcription takes place in the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) or the cytoplasm (in prokaryotic cells).
• The initial RNA transcript from any gene prior to processing is called pre-mRNA or heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).
• In prokaryotic cells, translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished.
• The synthesis of a polypeptide occurs using information in the mRNA during translation.

Gene Regulation

• Gene expression includes transcription and additional processes such as RNA processing, transport, and translation.
• The concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the central dogma.
• DNA dictates the synthesis of proteins based on the inherited DNA code.

Test your understanding of genotype and phenotype with this quiz based on Chapter 17 of 'Expression of Genes'. Explore the definitions and expressions of genes in this informative quiz.