Genetic Inheritance Basics

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What is the term for an observable trait or physical property that is determined by the genotype?

Phenotype (correct)

Genotype

Environment

Allele

Which type of chromosomes are generally present in human cells?

Monoploid

Haploid

Triploid

Diploid (correct)

What is the term for a condition where alleles on homologous chromosomes are different?

Heterozygous (correct)

Recessive

Homozygous

Dominant

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by diseases that are rare and usually seen in children or grandchildren?

Autosomal Dominant Signup and view all the answers

What type of relatives provide the strongest overlapping genetic information when considering family history for clinical purposes?

First degree relatives Signup and view all the answers

If both parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the approximate chance that their offspring will be affected?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the inheritance pattern of an autosomal dominant disorder?

The disorder is expressed equally in both genetic sexes and does not typically skip generations. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the inheritance pattern of an X-linked recessive disorder?

More common in individuals with XY chromosomes, and there cannot be transmission from XY-parent to XY-offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns?

Autosomal dominant requires one affected allele, while autosomal recessive requires two affected alleles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Y-linked disorders?

They are rare because the Y chromosome contains relatively few genes. Signup and view all the answers

In autosomal recessive inheritance, what is the genotype of an unaffected carrier?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of inheritance for a trait controlled by a gene on the X chromosome in males?

X-linked recessive Signup and view all the answers

In a family with an autosomal dominant disorder, if both parents are unaffected, what is the probability that their child will be affected?

0% Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of an individual with a recessive trait in a species that has a diploid genome?

Homozygous recessive Signup and view all the answers

In a pedigree analysis of an X-linked recessive disorder, what does it mean if a female is affected but her father is unaffected?

The disorder arose from a new mutation in the mother Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the proportion of genotypes that actually show expected phenotypes?

Penetrance Signup and view all the answers

In autosomal dominant inheritance, how many copies of the affected allele are needed to cause phenotypic expression?

One Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the theory that an organism with two different alleles of a particular gene (heterozygous) has greater fitness than one that is homozygous?

Heterozygote advantage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inheritance can appear to skip a generation because XX individuals may be carriers?

Autosomal Recessive Signup and view all the answers

In X-linked recessive inheritance, what can cause the appearance of skipping a generation?

XX-parent to both XX and XY-offspring transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic syndrome involves mutations in genes that cause colon, ovarian, and endometrial cancers?

Lynch syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In autosomal dominant inheritance, if an affected individual has a child with an unaffected individual, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by skipping generations and affecting males more than females?

X-linked recessive inheritance Signup and view all the answers

A patient who presents with a condition at a much younger age than typically expected might raise suspicion for what in terms of genetics?

Autosomal dominant inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of inheritance for hereditary hemochromatosis?

Autosomal recessive inheritance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal aberration caused by a breakage and re-attachment of chromosome fragments?

Translocation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is caused by a numerical chromosomal abnormality?

Trisomy 18 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a condition where somatic cells contain only one copy of a chromosome?

Monosomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?

Missense mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a condition where somatic cells have more than two copies of each chromosome?

Polyploidy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic mutation occurs when there is a single base change in a DNA sequence during replication?

Point mutation Signup and view all the answers

In genetic inheritance, what is the term for a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Silent mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which epigenetic modification increases gene expression by altering histones?

Acetylation Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic mutation causes a gene to become transcriptionally inactive or silent?

Histone modification Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic mutation involves the attachment of a methyl group to DNA?

DNA methylation Signup and view all the answers

In genetic inheritance, what type of mutation may have significant implications if it occurs in promoter or coding regions?

Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic mutation involves the attachment of a methyl group to DNA, causing a gene to become transcriptionally inactive or silent?

DNA methylation Signup and view all the answers

In autosomal dominant inheritance, if both parents are unaffected, what is the probability that their child will be affected?

0% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inheritance can appear to skip a generation because XX individuals may be carriers?

X-linked recessive Signup and view all the answers

If both parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the approximate chance that their offspring will be affected?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which epigenetic modification increases gene expression by altering histones?

Histone acetylation Signup and view all the answers

In a family with an autosomal dominant disorder, if an affected individual has a child with an unaffected individual, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

50% Signup and view all the answers

In X-linked recessive inheritance, what can cause the appearance of skipping a generation?

Carrier females Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic mutation occurs when a single base is inserted, deleted, or changed within a DNA (or RNA) sequence?

Point mutation Signup and view all the answers

In autosomal recessive inheritance, what is the genotype of an unaffected carrier?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by diseases that are rare and usually seen in children or grandchildren?

Anticipation Signup and view all the answers

Genetic Inheritance Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for an observable trait or physical property that is determined by the genotype?

Which type of chromosomes are generally present in human cells?

What is the term for a condition where alleles on homologous chromosomes are different?

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by diseases that are rare and usually seen in children or grandchildren?

What type of relatives provide the strongest overlapping genetic information when considering family history for clinical purposes?

If both parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the approximate chance that their offspring will be affected?

Which statement best describes the inheritance pattern of an autosomal dominant disorder?

Which statement best describes the inheritance pattern of an X-linked recessive disorder?

What is the key difference between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns?

What is a key feature of Y-linked disorders?

In autosomal recessive inheritance, what is the genotype of an unaffected carrier?

What is the pattern of inheritance for a trait controlled by a gene on the X chromosome in males?

In a family with an autosomal dominant disorder, if both parents are unaffected, what is the probability that their child will be affected?

What is the genotype of an individual with a recessive trait in a species that has a diploid genome?

In a pedigree analysis of an X-linked recessive disorder, what does it mean if a female is affected but her father is unaffected?

What is the term used to describe the proportion of genotypes that actually show expected phenotypes?

In autosomal dominant inheritance, how many copies of the affected allele are needed to cause phenotypic expression?

What is the term for the theory that an organism with two different alleles of a particular gene (heterozygous) has greater fitness than one that is homozygous?

Which type of inheritance can appear to skip a generation because XX individuals may be carriers?

In X-linked recessive inheritance, what can cause the appearance of skipping a generation?

Which genetic syndrome involves mutations in genes that cause colon, ovarian, and endometrial cancers?

In autosomal dominant inheritance, if an affected individual has a child with an unaffected individual, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by skipping generations and affecting males more than females?

A patient who presents with a condition at a much younger age than typically expected might raise suspicion for what in terms of genetics?

What is the primary mode of inheritance for hereditary hemochromatosis?

Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal aberration caused by a breakage and re-attachment of chromosome fragments?

Which of the following conditions is caused by a numerical chromosomal abnormality?

What is the term used to describe a condition where somatic cells contain only one copy of a chromosome?

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?

What is the term used to describe a condition where somatic cells have more than two copies of each chromosome?

Which type of genetic mutation occurs when there is a single base change in a DNA sequence during replication?

In genetic inheritance, what is the term for a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Which epigenetic modification increases gene expression by altering histones?

What type of genetic mutation causes a gene to become transcriptionally inactive or silent?

Which type of genetic mutation involves the attachment of a methyl group to DNA?

In genetic inheritance, what type of mutation may have significant implications if it occurs in promoter or coding regions?

Which type of genetic mutation involves the attachment of a methyl group to DNA, causing a gene to become transcriptionally inactive or silent?

In autosomal dominant inheritance, if both parents are unaffected, what is the probability that their child will be affected?

Which type of inheritance can appear to skip a generation because XX individuals may be carriers?

If both parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the approximate chance that their offspring will be affected?

Which epigenetic modification increases gene expression by altering histones?

In a family with an autosomal dominant disorder, if an affected individual has a child with an unaffected individual, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

In X-linked recessive inheritance, what can cause the appearance of skipping a generation?

Which type of genetic mutation occurs when a single base is inserted, deleted, or changed within a DNA (or RNA) sequence?

In autosomal recessive inheritance, what is the genotype of an unaffected carrier?

Which inheritance pattern is characterized by diseases that are rare and usually seen in children or grandchildren?

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