Attention Week 8

The prefrontal cortex, particularly the right inferior frontal cortex, is involved in executive control and stopping actions through a prefrontal-basal ganglia network. This network plays a crucial role in inhibiting inappropriate actions and regulating self-control.

The most common cognitive challenges observed in individuals with ADHD are impaired executive functions, difficulties in tasks involving rule changes (such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), and slower performance with more errors in tasks like the Stroop test.

Barkley's theory suggests that ADHD is primarily due to challenges with inhibition, which then cause secondary effects in other cognitive domains. The theory points to impairment in three processes: inhibition of prepotent responses, stopping ongoing responses given feedback on errors, and interference control.

<p>Individuals with dysexecutive syndrome in ADHD experience difficulty in planning, initiating goals, struggle to finish tasks, and have a limited attention span.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disinhibition syndrome in individuals with ADHD is characterized by constant movement, impaired sense of humor/appropriateness, lack of insight, and concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain regions associated with the disinhibition syndrome in individuals with ADHD include the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its related areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most common finding is that children with ADHD are impaired relative to typically developing kids in executive functions, particularly in response inhibition, working memory, and selecting between conflicting alternatives. They are also slower and more variable to respond to cued targets, and conflicting results regarding filtering out irrelevant distractors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to the text, specific selective attention differences in individuals with ADHD are nuanced. Both groups show inference in low perceptual load and none in high perceptual load conditions, with an interaction found only at set size 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers