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Questions and Answers
In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the ______ includes settings in which the individual does not have an active role but still influences their development.
In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the ______ includes settings in which the individual does not have an active role but still influences their development.
Which research design involves studying the same group of participants at many points in time?
Which research design involves studying the same group of participants at many points in time?
The Apgar test assesses a newborn infant's ______.
The Apgar test assesses a newborn infant's ______.
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, much of children's learning comes from ______.
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, much of children's learning comes from ______.
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The ______ refers to the extent to which variation among people on a given characteristic is due to genetic differences.
The ______ refers to the extent to which variation among people on a given characteristic is due to genetic differences.
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Which part of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding in communication and coordination?
Which part of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding in communication and coordination?
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Which child development theory emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts in influencing development?
Which child development theory emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts in influencing development?
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In the context of research designs, which situation represents a case of discontinuous change?
In the context of research designs, which situation represents a case of discontinuous change?
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Which concept from the text best explains Jose's ability to regain his physical strength after participating in physical therapy?
Which concept from the text best explains Jose's ability to regain his physical strength after participating in physical therapy?
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What is the most powerful way of learning according to the text?
What is the most powerful way of learning according to the text?
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Identify the key influences in Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model that include family, peers, and school.
Identify the key influences in Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model that include family, peers, and school.
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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates positive reinforcement as described in the text?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates positive reinforcement as described in the text?
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What is the name of the reflex demonstrated by Anna's action of throwing her arms out, arching her back, and bringing her arms back together?
What is the name of the reflex demonstrated by Anna's action of throwing her arms out, arching her back, and bringing her arms back together?
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In Piaget's theory, what drives a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget?
In Piaget's theory, what drives a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget?
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What type of thinking is characterized by viewing knowledge and phenomena as either right or wrong?
What type of thinking is characterized by viewing knowledge and phenomena as either right or wrong?
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Which type of actions involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
Which type of actions involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
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What principle is demonstrated when Maria, a 9-year-old, correctly understands that two different shapes contain the same amount of clay?
What principle is demonstrated when Maria, a 9-year-old, correctly understands that two different shapes contain the same amount of clay?
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Which statement is inconsistent with the information processing system view?
Which statement is inconsistent with the information processing system view?
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What principle does Maria understand when she correctly knows that two different shapes contain the same amount of clay?
What principle does Maria understand when she correctly knows that two different shapes contain the same amount of clay?
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What reflex is Anna demonstrating when she throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings them back together?
What reflex is Anna demonstrating when she throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings them back together?
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What propels a child to move through Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
What propels a child to move through Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
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Which type of actions in child development involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
Which type of actions in child development involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
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In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, where does much of children's learning come from?
In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, where does much of children's learning come from?
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What principle is illustrated when a child repeats actions involving body parts because they bring joy?
What principle is illustrated when a child repeats actions involving body parts because they bring joy?
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Which neural connection facilitates communication and coordination between the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
Which neural connection facilitates communication and coordination between the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
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According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, where does much of children's learning come from?
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, where does much of children's learning come from?
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What reflex is demonstrated by an infant throwing their arms out, arching their back, and then bringing their arms back together?
What reflex is demonstrated by an infant throwing their arms out, arching their back, and then bringing their arms back together?
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What drives a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget?
What drives a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget?
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Which type of actions in child development involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
Which type of actions in child development involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
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The collection of neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain is known as the ______.
The collection of neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain is known as the ______.
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What is the term for a reflex action that infants display when they sense something near their cheek?
What is the term for a reflex action that infants display when they sense something near their cheek?
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In Piaget's theory, what term describes the state of cognitive conflict that motivates children to develop new schemas?
In Piaget's theory, what term describes the state of cognitive conflict that motivates children to develop new schemas?
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Which of the following best represents an example of an infant reflex as described in the text?
Which of the following best represents an example of an infant reflex as described in the text?
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In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand conservation?
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand conservation?
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Which of the following actions in child development typically involves body parts and is repeated because it brings joy?
Which of the following actions in child development typically involves body parts and is repeated because it brings joy?
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What part of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding in communication and coordination?
What part of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding in communication and coordination?
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Which aspect of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in cognitive development?
Which aspect of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in cognitive development?
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Following Maria’s successful understanding of differing shapes containing equal clay amounts, which term best describes this cognitive process?
Following Maria’s successful understanding of differing shapes containing equal clay amounts, which term best describes this cognitive process?
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'Automatically putting on a seatbelt when getting into a car' is an example of:
'Automatically putting on a seatbelt when getting into a car' is an example of:
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Study Notes
Research Designs and Methods
- Investigators use a longitudinal research design when studying the same group of participants at many points in time.
- A chorionic villus sampling is a medical procedure that involves studying a small amount of tissue taken from an individual to determine the presence of chromosomal abnormalities.
Developmental Theories
- Psychoanalysis theories state that development is influenced by unconscious thoughts.
- Social learning theory suggests that observational learning is one of the most powerful ways in which we learn.
- Vygotsky's sociocultural theory proposes that much of children's learning comes from collaborating with others.
- Piaget's cognitive development theory proposes that children move through four stages of cognitive development, propelled by the drive for cognitive disequilibrium.
Human Development and Growth
- Newborn babies are screened with an Apgar test, which assesses the infant's immediate health.
- Heritability refers to the extent to which variation among people on a given characteristic is due to genetic differences.
- Plasticity is the ability to overcome physical limitations, as demonstrated by Jose's recovery from a stroke through physical therapy.
Brain Development and Function
- The corpus callosum is a collection of 250 to 800 million neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, permitting them to communicate and coordinate processing.
- Lateralization refers to the process of specializing particular functions to specific brain regions.
Learning and Development
- Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences, such as positive reinforcement.
- Positive reinforcement is a type of learning in which a behavior is followed by a pleasing consequence, such as a toddler receiving a sticker for using the toilet.
- Primary circular reactions consist of repeating actions that involve body parts because they are joyful.
Cognitive Development
- Object constancy is the understanding that objects remain the same despite changes in their shape or appearance, as demonstrated by Maria's understanding that two identical balls of clay contain the same amount of clay regardless of their shape.
- Dualistic thinking is a type of reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as either right or wrong.
Reflexes
- The Moro reflex is a reflex demonstrated by Anna, in which she throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings her arms back together, and starts to cry.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in developmental psychology with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as microsystem, macrosystem, Apgar test, and research designs like longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
