10 Questions
Which of the endocytic pathways involves the ingestion of large particles or microorganisms and is performed mainly by specialized cells?
phagocytosis
Nuclear pores restrict larger molecules from traversing the membrane due to their
interwoven meshwork of protein fibrils.
Which of the following is a covalent modification that occurs mainly in the ER?
formation of disulfide bonds
Fully folded proteins can be transported into which of the following organelles?
nucleus
Lysosomes contain ____________ enzymes that can break down diverse macromolecules, cell parts, and microorganisms.
hydrolytic
How do clathrin-coated vesicles select their cargo molecules?
Cargo receptors bind specifically to cargo proteins and to clathrin.
Which of the following organelles is the site of steroid hormone synthesis in endocrine cells?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
How are misfolded proteins and incompletely assembled proteins retained in the ER?
Chaperone proteins bind them and prevent their entry into vesicles.
Proteins encoded by nuclear genes and destined for the mitochondrial matrix are
in possession of a signal sequence for targeting to the mitochondria.
In which process do Rab proteins function?
cargo protein delivery
Study Notes
Endocytosis
- Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of large particles or microorganisms and is performed mainly by specialized cells.
Nuclear Transport
- Nuclear pores restrict larger molecules from traversing the membrane due to their size.
Protein Modification
- In the ER, a covalent modification that occurs is the addition of carbohydrates to proteins, a process known as N-linked glycosylation.
Protein Transport
- Fully folded proteins can be transported into the Golgi apparatus.
Lysosomal Function
- Lysosomes contain acidic enzymes that can break down diverse macromolecules, cell parts, and microorganisms.
Clathrin-Coated Vesicles
- Clathrin-coated vesicles select their cargo molecules through specific receptor-ligand interactions.
Steroid Hormone Synthesis
- The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of steroid hormone synthesis in endocrine cells.
Protein Quality Control
- Misfolded proteins and incompletely assembled proteins are retained in the ER by chaperone proteins.
Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis
- Proteins encoded by nuclear genes and destined for the mitochondrial matrix are transported into the mitochondrial matrix through a process involving molecular chaperones and the translocase of the outer membrane.
Rab Protein Function
- Rab proteins function in vesicular transport, particularly in the docking and fusion of vesicles with target membranes.
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