Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of autophagy receptors in selective autophagy?
What is the function of autophagy receptors in selective autophagy?
What is the region on autophagy receptors that interacts with LC3II?
What is the region on autophagy receptors that interacts with LC3II?
Which of the following is a type of selective autophagy receptor?
Which of the following is a type of selective autophagy receptor?
What is the function of the ULK1 complex in autophagy?
What is the function of the ULK1 complex in autophagy?
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What is the result of LC3 lipidation?
What is the result of LC3 lipidation?
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What is the function of ATG proteins in autophagy?
What is the function of ATG proteins in autophagy?
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What is the region on autophagy receptors that interacts with ubiquitin?
What is the region on autophagy receptors that interacts with ubiquitin?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of selective autophagy receptor?
Which of the following is NOT a type of selective autophagy receptor?
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What is a key characteristic of LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP)?
What is a key characteristic of LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP)?
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Which molecular complex is required for LC3-associated phagocytosis?
Which molecular complex is required for LC3-associated phagocytosis?
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Which of the following statements about LAP is true?
Which of the following statements about LAP is true?
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What types of materials can be targeted through LC3-associated phagocytosis?
What types of materials can be targeted through LC3-associated phagocytosis?
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What differentiates LAP from canonical autophagy?
What differentiates LAP from canonical autophagy?
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Which of the following components is dispensable for LC3-associated phagocytosis?
Which of the following components is dispensable for LC3-associated phagocytosis?
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Which process is NOT associated with LC3-associated phagocytosis?
Which process is NOT associated with LC3-associated phagocytosis?
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What activates the LAP pathway?
What activates the LAP pathway?
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What role do Atg8s play in autophagosome formation?
What role do Atg8s play in autophagosome formation?
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Which ATG protein is recruited to membranes during the canonical autophagy process?
Which ATG protein is recruited to membranes during the canonical autophagy process?
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What is the significance of LC3 lipidation in autophagy?
What is the significance of LC3 lipidation in autophagy?
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Which protein complex involves recruitment during the initiation of autophagy?
Which protein complex involves recruitment during the initiation of autophagy?
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What is an alternative role of ATG16L1 in non-canonical pathways?
What is an alternative role of ATG16L1 in non-canonical pathways?
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What happens to mitochondria during the process described?
What happens to mitochondria during the process described?
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Which membrane structure is represented in green in the 3D rendering?
Which membrane structure is represented in green in the 3D rendering?
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Which protein is NOT part of the ULK1 complex mentioned?
Which protein is NOT part of the ULK1 complex mentioned?
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Study Notes
LC3-associated Phagocytosis (LAP)
- LAP uses a portion of the canonical autophagy machinery
- Characterized by the conjugation of LC3 family proteins to phagosome membranes
- Cargos: pathogens, dying cells, soluble ligands, protein aggregates
- Involved in immune activation and inflammatory responses
LAP Pathway
- Not dependent on the AMPK–mTORC1–ULK1 axis
- Not responsive to nutrient status or intracellular stress sensing
- Activating stimulus from the cell exterior: ligands, pathogens, dying cells, immune complexes
- Requires the PI3KC3 complex composed of VPS34, VPS15, BECN1, ATG14L, UVRAG, RUBCN
- ULK complex (ULK1, FIP200, ATG13, ATG101) is dispensable for LAP
Autophagosome Formation and Expansion
- Atg8s are dispensable for autophagosome formation but regulate autophagosome expansion
- Hexa KO cell deficient for all ATG8/GABARAP members: 3D rendering of reconstructed autophagosomal compartment (green) and sequestered mitochondrion (red)
Non-Canonical Functions of ATG16L1
- Model for the recruitment of ATG16L1 to membranes:
- Induction of LC3 lipidation during autophagy depends on the ULK1 complex subunit FIP200 and WIPI2
- Recruitment of ATG16L1 to the site of autophagosome formation via the FBD, leading to LC3 conjugation to the isolation membrane
- During autophagy-unrelated, non-canonical pathways involving LC3 lipidation, ATG16L1 is recruited via its C-terminal WD40 domain and promotes the lipidation of LC3 to single membranes
Autophagy Receptors
- Autophagy receptors: p62, NBR1 (neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1), etc.
- Functions of autophagy receptors and adaptors in selective autophagy
- Selective recruitment of phagophores to cargos through the interaction of autophagy receptors with LC3II
- Selective autophagy types and corresponding receptors
- Regulatory modifications reported for selective autophagy receptors
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Description
LAP is a process that uses autophagy machinery to engulf and remove pathogens, dying cells, and other cargos, playing a role in immune activation and inflammation. It is activated by external stimuli and does not respond to nutrient status or intracellular stress.
