20 Questions
How does the endocrine system primarily influence the activity of body tissues?
By releasing hormones into the bloodstream
What is the main job of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?
To regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
In comparison to tissue responses to neurotransmitters, how do tissue responses to endocrine hormones tend to differ?
They take longer but are more prolonged
Which gland is referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
What is the integrative centre of the endocrine system?
The hypothalamus
Which component of the endocrine system acts as an extension of the hypothalamus?
The posterior pituitary
What regulates the endocrine system by inhibiting hormone overproduction?
Negative feedback system
What type of feedback occurs through an axis established among the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and target organ?
Complex feedback
What may result from defects in the release of hormones, hormone transport, or target tissue?
Endocrine disorders
What can lead to abnormal hormone concentrations in the blood?
Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of hormones
What are the two principle parts of the skin?
Epidermis and Dermis
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?
Synthesis of Neurotransmitters
During which stage of life does the skin typically become oilier due to activated sebaceous glands?
Adolescence
What is the main structural component of the dermis?
Collagen & Elastic Fibres
What effect does aging have on the skin's capillaries?
They decrease in number, leading to reduced blood flow
How does aging affect the adipose tissue in the hypodermis?
It diminishes, making the hypodermis thinner
What impact does thinning skin have on susceptibility to injury?
It increases susceptibility to bruises and other types of injury
What happens to the number of active hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands as a result of aging?
They decrease in number and activity
How do pre-existing conditions such as heart failure, respiratory disease, and diabetes affect the skin's healing capabilities in older adults?
They compromise the blood supply and healing capabilities of the skin
What is the effect of trauma to the skin on older adults with minimal adipose layer?
It is more likely to lead to bruising and will be more painful
Study Notes
Endocrine System
- The endocrine system primarily influences the activity of body tissues through the production and secretion of hormones, which are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells.
- The hypothalamus acts as the main regulator of the endocrine system, producing and regulating hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of other hormones from other endocrine glands.
- In comparison to tissue responses to neurotransmitters, tissue responses to endocrine hormones tend to be slower, more prolonged, and widespread, as hormones can affect multiple tissues and organs simultaneously.
- The pituitary gland is referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system, as it regulates the production of hormones from other endocrine glands.
- The hypothalamus is the integrative centre of the endocrine system, regulating the balance of hormones in the body.
- The posterior pituitary gland acts as an extension of the hypothalamus, storing and releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
- The hypothalamus regulates the endocrine system by inhibiting hormone overproduction through a negative feedback loop, where excess hormone production is detected and corrected.
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axis establishes a negative feedback loop, where the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate the production of hormones from target organs.
Endocrine System Disorders
- Defects in the release of hormones, hormone transport, or target tissue can result in endocrine disorders, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism.
- Abnormal hormone concentrations in the blood can lead to a range of disorders, including hormonal imbalances, growth disorders, and reproductive problems.
Integumentary System
- The two principal parts of the skin are the epidermis and dermis.
- The integumentary system performs various functions, including protection, regulation of body temperature, sensing, and supporting the immune system.
- The skin typically becomes oilier due to activated sebaceous glands during puberty.
- The main structural component of the dermis is collagen, which provides strength and elasticity to the skin.
- Aging has a significant impact on the skin, causing the skin's capillaries to become more fragile and prone to damage.
- Aging affects the adipose tissue in the hypodermis, leading to a decrease in the thickness of the adipose layer and a reduction in the skin's ability to regulate body temperature.
- Thinning skin increases susceptibility to injury, as the skin becomes more fragile and prone to damage.
- Aging leads to a decrease in the number of active hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, affecting the skin's ability to regulate body temperature and maintain hydration.
- Pre-existing conditions, such as heart failure, respiratory disease, and diabetes, can affect the skin's healing capabilities in older adults, leading to slower wound healing and increased risk of infection.
- Trauma to the skin can have a significant impact on older adults with a minimal adipose layer, leading to increased risk of infection, delayed healing, and potential complications.
Explore the differences in means and speed of control used by the endocrine and nervous systems in regulating body functions. Learn about the use of neurotransmitters by the nervous system and the release of hormones by the endocrine system to influence body tissues.
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