Questions and Answers
In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the ______ includes settings in which the individual does not have an active role but still influences their development.
Which research design involves studying the same group of participants at many points in time?
The Apgar test assesses a newborn infant's ______.
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, much of children's learning comes from ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ refers to the extent to which variation among people on a given characteristic is due to genetic differences.
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding in communication and coordination?
Signup and view all the answers
Which child development theory emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts in influencing development?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of research designs, which situation represents a case of discontinuous change?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept from the text best explains Jose's ability to regain his physical strength after participating in physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most powerful way of learning according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Identify the key influences in Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model that include family, peers, and school.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates positive reinforcement as described in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the reflex demonstrated by Anna's action of throwing her arms out, arching her back, and bringing her arms back together?
Signup and view all the answers
In Piaget's theory, what drives a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of thinking is characterized by viewing knowledge and phenomena as either right or wrong?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of actions involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
Signup and view all the answers
What principle is demonstrated when Maria, a 9-year-old, correctly understands that two different shapes contain the same amount of clay?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is inconsistent with the information processing system view?
Signup and view all the answers
What principle does Maria understand when she correctly knows that two different shapes contain the same amount of clay?
Signup and view all the answers
What reflex is Anna demonstrating when she throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings them back together?
Signup and view all the answers
What propels a child to move through Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of actions in child development involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
Signup and view all the answers
In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, where does much of children's learning come from?
Signup and view all the answers
What principle is illustrated when a child repeats actions involving body parts because they bring joy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neural connection facilitates communication and coordination between the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, where does much of children's learning come from?
Signup and view all the answers
What reflex is demonstrated by an infant throwing their arms out, arching their back, and then bringing their arms back together?
Signup and view all the answers
What drives a child to move through the four stages of cognitive development proposed by Piaget?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of actions in child development involve body parts and are repeated because they bring joy?
Signup and view all the answers
The collection of neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain is known as the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a reflex action that infants display when they sense something near their cheek?
Signup and view all the answers
In Piaget's theory, what term describes the state of cognitive conflict that motivates children to develop new schemas?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best represents an example of an infant reflex as described in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand conservation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions in child development typically involves body parts and is repeated because it brings joy?
Signup and view all the answers
What part of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres, aiding in communication and coordination?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in cognitive development?
Signup and view all the answers
Following Maria’s successful understanding of differing shapes containing equal clay amounts, which term best describes this cognitive process?
Signup and view all the answers
'Automatically putting on a seatbelt when getting into a car' is an example of:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Research Designs and Methods
- Investigators use a longitudinal research design when studying the same group of participants at many points in time.
- A chorionic villus sampling is a medical procedure that involves studying a small amount of tissue taken from an individual to determine the presence of chromosomal abnormalities.
Developmental Theories
- Psychoanalysis theories state that development is influenced by unconscious thoughts.
- Social learning theory suggests that observational learning is one of the most powerful ways in which we learn.
- Vygotsky's sociocultural theory proposes that much of children's learning comes from collaborating with others.
- Piaget's cognitive development theory proposes that children move through four stages of cognitive development, propelled by the drive for cognitive disequilibrium.
Human Development and Growth
- Newborn babies are screened with an Apgar test, which assesses the infant's immediate health.
- Heritability refers to the extent to which variation among people on a given characteristic is due to genetic differences.
- Plasticity is the ability to overcome physical limitations, as demonstrated by Jose's recovery from a stroke through physical therapy.
Brain Development and Function
- The corpus callosum is a collection of 250 to 800 million neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, permitting them to communicate and coordinate processing.
- Lateralization refers to the process of specializing particular functions to specific brain regions.
Learning and Development
- Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences, such as positive reinforcement.
- Positive reinforcement is a type of learning in which a behavior is followed by a pleasing consequence, such as a toddler receiving a sticker for using the toilet.
- Primary circular reactions consist of repeating actions that involve body parts because they are joyful.
Cognitive Development
- Object constancy is the understanding that objects remain the same despite changes in their shape or appearance, as demonstrated by Maria's understanding that two identical balls of clay contain the same amount of clay regardless of their shape.
- Dualistic thinking is a type of reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as either right or wrong.
Reflexes
- The Moro reflex is a reflex demonstrated by Anna, in which she throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings her arms back together, and starts to cry.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in developmental psychology with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as microsystem, macrosystem, Apgar test, and research designs like longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
