Developmental Psychology Quiz on Lung Capacity in Adults

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Questions and Answers

What is the amount of air left in the lungs following exhalation called?

The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration.

Clingy behavior and the fear of unfamiliar people or places are normal among 10-to 18-month-old children and are commonly caused by _______ anxiety.

Avoidant

Mistrust

Separation (correct)

Bonding

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______ with age.

Compensate

Decompensate

Increase (correct)

Decrease

Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as:

Early adulthood Signup and view all the answers

At what age can an infant normally start tracking objects with his or her eyes and recognizing familiar faces?

2 months Signup and view all the answers

You would expect this boy's pulse to be:

Most likely above 90 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

This is an indication of ________ reasoning based on the boy trying to impress his friends with dangerous stunts.

Conventional Signup and view all the answers

You would expect to find a respiratory rate of between _ and _ breaths/min with this patient.

15; 20 Signup and view all the answers

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. Signup and view all the answers

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

A decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Signup and view all the answers

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months Signup and view all the answers

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

Increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months Signup and view all the answers

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up Signup and view all the answers

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

Inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. Signup and view all the answers

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

Blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. Signup and view all the answers

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is __________.

normal Signup and view all the answers

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

Shrinkage of the brain Signup and view all the answers

When providing bag-mask ventilations to an infant, what is most important to remember?

An infant's lungs are fragile. Signup and view all the answers

You see an infant capable of reaching out to people and drooling. She is most likely:

4 months of age Signup and view all the answers

An infant who is repeatedly rejected experiences what type of attachment?

Anxious-avoidant attachment Signup and view all the answers

Why do colds develop so easily in toddlers and preschoolers?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The pulse rate of a toddler is:

90 to 150 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

A school-age child looking for approval from his peers and society is demonstrating what kind of reasoning?

Conventional reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept is:

Our perception of ourselves. Signup and view all the answers

Why should you be concerned about a 16-year-old patient who seems depressed?

Adolescents are at a higher risk for suicide. Signup and view all the answers

Why do finances become an issue during middle adulthood?

Middle adults are often supporting both their children and their parents. Signup and view all the answers

Why is breathing more labor intensive for the elderly?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:

90 and 140 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________.

The buildup of plaque inside blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Children of which age group are considered toddlers?

1-3 years Signup and view all the answers

In preconventional reasoning, children:

Act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. Signup and view all the answers

Older adults frequently __________.

Take multiple medications Signup and view all the answers

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

Increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. Signup and view all the answers

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.

Fontanelles Signup and view all the answers

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

70 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

12-20 breaths/min Signup and view all the answers

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

Age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Secondary sexual development begins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

Increased weight Signup and view all the answers

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. Signup and view all the answers

Infants are often referred to as 'belly breathers' because:

Their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. Signup and view all the answers

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:

70 to 120 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:

Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?

Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production Signup and view all the answers

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

The blood vessels become stiff. Signup and view all the answers

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

Responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. Signup and view all the answers

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:

His ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. Signup and view all the answers

Kidney function declines by _______ between the ages of 20 and 90 years.

50% Signup and view all the answers

An adolescent is a person between the ages of:

12 and 18 years Signup and view all the answers

Stealing from a parent's wallet and denying it when caught is an example of _______ reasoning.

Preconventional Signup and view all the answers

One consequence of the loss of neurons among elderly persons is a(n):

Change in sleep patterns Signup and view all the answers

From birth to 1 month old, a person is called a(n):

Neonate Signup and view all the answers

The maximum life expectancy for humans is estimated to be _______ years.

120 Signup and view all the answers

What do middle adults tend to focus their time and energy on?

Achieving life goals Signup and view all the answers

When encountering a patient with depressed fontanelles, you should suspect:

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Renal System Changes

Age-related changes decrease the ability to clear wastes and conserve fluids in the renal system.

Separation Anxiety

Peaks in infants between 10 to 18 months.

Respiratory Changes in Late Adults

Increased residual air in the lungs post-expiration hampers gas diffusion.

Anterior Fontanelle Fusion

Fuses between 9 to 18 months of age.

Cardiac Function in Late Adulthood

Decline in cardiac function is primarily due to atherosclerosis.

Developmental Milestones at 9 Months

Notable behaviors include placing objects in the mouth and pulling up to stand.

Assessing Female Adolescents

Important to inquire privately about pregnancy-related issues during assessments.

Blood Pressure in Infants

Increases with age as it corresponds to body weight.

Normal Respiratory Rate for Infants

Approximately 30 breaths per minute; considered normal.

Risk of Bleeding in Older Adults

Increased risk linked to brain shrinkage, affecting protective mechanisms.

Infant Ventilation Cautions

Infants have fragile lungs, requiring gentle bag-mask ventilations.

Developmental Milestones by Age

A 4-month-old can reach out to people and drool.

Attachment Styles in Infancy

Anxious-avoidant attachment may develop in infants experiencing rejection.

Susceptibility to Colds in Toddlers

Factors include loss of passive immunity, underdeveloped lungs, and close contact with peers.

Pulse Rate in Toddlers

Normal range is between 90 to 150 beats per minute.

Reasoning in School-Aged Children

Children seek peer approval and demonstrate conventional reasoning.

Self-Concept Definition

Refers to an individual’s perception of themselves.

Adolescent Depression Concerns

Increased risk for suicide highlights the importance of addressing depressive symptoms.

Financial Strain in Middle Adults

Often due to supporting both children and aging parents.

Respiratory Changes in the Elderly

Breathing becomes more labor-intensive due to decreased lung elasticity and muscle strength.

Normal Blood Pressure Range for Young Adults

Systolic blood pressure typically falls between 90 and 140 mm Hg.

Definition of Atherosclerosis

Characterized as the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels.

Toddler Age Definition

Defined as children aged 1 to 3 years.

Preconventional Reasoning in Children

Children act primarily to avoid punishment and satisfy their immediate desires.

Medication Use in Older Adults

Frequent medication use is common among the elderly population.

Changes in Early Adulthood

Characterized by increased fatty tissue leading to weight gain.

Fontanelles in Infants

Unfused areas of an infant's skull known as fontanelles are crucial for brain growth.

Average Pulse Rate for Young Adults

Typically around 70 beats per minute.

Optimal Functioning Age Range

Generally occurs between the ages of 19 and 25 years.

Normal Respiratory Rate for Adults

Ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

Communication with Older Patients

Be aware that age-related changes can impair hearing and vision, affecting communication.

Moro Reflex

A neonate's typical response includes spreading arms and fingers when startled.

Physical Changes in Adolescence

Secondary sexual development marks significant physical changes during this stage.

Common Factors Affecting Vital Signs in the Elderly

Medical conditions, overall health, and medications influence vital signs; increased weight is not a common factor.

Assessing Injured Elderly Patients

Be mindful of potential impairment in compensatory mechanisms due to age-related cardiovascular changes.

Decline in Kidney Function

Kidneys exhibit about a 50% decline in function by age 90.

Adolescent Age Definition

Ranges from 12 to 18 years old.

Preconventional Reasoning and Behavior

Impulsive actions, like stealing, often arise from preconventional reasoning.

Consequence of Neuron Loss in the Elderly

Affects sleep patterns among older adults.

Neonate Definition

Refers to infants from birth to 1 month old.

Maximum Life Expectancy

Estimated to be around 120 years.

Goals of Middle Adults

Often focus on achieving life goals rather than solely on family or work.

Depressed Fontanelles

Indicative of dehydration in infants.

Vital Capacity Definition

Refers to the total volume of air exchanged during deep breathing.

Separation Anxiety in Young Children

Normative behavior in children 10 to 18 months old leading to clinginess.

Diastolic Blood Pressure Trends with Age

Typically increases as individuals age.

Life Stages Description

Early adulthood characterized by focus on work, family, and stress management.

Object Tracking in Infants

Usually starts around 2 months of age; infants can recognize familiar faces.

Pulse Rate Expectations in Active Children

Likely to be above 90 beats per minute after physical activity or injury.### Key Concepts in Developmental Stages and Medical Situations
Preconventional, unconventional, and postconventional stages describe various levels of moral reasoning.
Conventional stage reflects societal norms and expectations in decision-making.

Pediatric Injury Assessment

A child presented with a swollen, deformed left forearm after falling from a play structure.
Expected respiratory rate for an 8-year-old should be between 15 and 20 breaths per minute to indicate normal respiratory function.

Financial Concerns in Middle Adults

Middle adults often face financial challenges as they balance preparing for retirement while managing daily expenses.
Many in this age group may still have dependent children living at home, adding to financial strain.

Pediatric Airway Considerations

An infant or small child's airway may become occluded if overextended or overflexed due to anatomical differences.
The occiput is larger in proportion to the body, making it crucial to maintain proper positioning to prevent airway obstruction.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts in developmental psychology including lung function, attachment behavior, and physiological changes with age. Explore important milestones in infant development and understand various stages of life. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts alike!

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