Questions and Answers
What is the information-processing approach in cognitive psychology based on?
Insights associated with the digital computer
Who critiqued the behavioral account of language acquisition, leading to a significant change in dominant paradigms?
Noam Chomsky
What is the primary analogy made between computers and human minds in the text?
Hardware (brain), Software (mind)
What did Noam Chomsky posit regarding language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Piaget, what is a precursor to language?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Vygotsky propose about cognition and language?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Linguistic Relativism propose?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Whorf suggest about the English and Hopi languages' treatment of time?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a criticism of Whorf's hypothesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Karen Wynn's 'magic show' method demonstrate about infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Goldin-Meadow & Mylander's study of deaf children of hearing parents reveal?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the duration of short-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which model illustrates early computer information processing methods?
Signup and view all the answers
What does sensory memory store?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Karmiloff-Smith (2001), what does emergentism emphasize in language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs after the first words appear in language development?
Signup and view all the answers
Who proposed the filter model of attention?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three stages of memory processes?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the milestones in language acquisition described as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What influences memory encoding and retrieval?
Signup and view all the answers
When does vocabulary spurt occur in language development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the language input characterized by slow, high-pitched, repetitive, and short utterances?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age does the transition from telegraphic to grammatical speech typically occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a milestone in child language development during the first year?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that the onset of language is at age 2 and that language capacity declines after puberty?
Signup and view all the answers
What does dichotic listening experiments demonstrate about information processing in the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What does neural plasticity allow for in terms of linguistic abilities?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach was taken by cognitive psychologists to understand complex cognitive behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
Who critiqued the behavioral account of language acquisition, heralding the end of behaviorism as the dominant paradigm?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Noam Chomsky posit regarding the existence of an innate element in language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
What analogy did Alan Turing draw between computers and human minds?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for language input characterized by slow, high-pitched, repetitive, and short utterances?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age does the transition from telegraphic to grammatical speech typically occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Lenneberg's Critical Period theory suggest about the onset of language and language capacity?
Signup and view all the answers
What do dichotic listening experiments demonstrate about information processing in the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the cases of Isabella and Genie illustrate about language development?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Neural plasticity allow for in terms of linguistic abilities?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three stages of memory processes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary analogy made between computers and human minds in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Karen Wynn's 'magic show' method demonstrate about infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Noam Chomsky posit regarding language acquisition?
Signup and view all the answers
What does neural plasticity allow for in terms of linguistic abilities?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the language input characterized by slow, high-pitched, repetitive, and short utterances?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Vygotsky propose about cognition and language?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Sensory memory store?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Vygotsky, what does the development of thought and speech involve?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggest?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the 'Strong Form' of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Lenneberg argue about Whorf's hypothesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Karen Wynn's 'magic show' method demonstrate about infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Goldin-Meadow & Mylander's study of deaf children of hearing parents reveal?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Boroditsky et al. (2011) study English v Mandarin speakers to measure?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Carroll & Casagrande (1958) study English v Navaho speakers to investigate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one criticism of Whorf's hypothesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Language Development and Critical Periods
- Child Directed Speech (CDS), also known as 'Motherese', is characterized by slow, high-pitched, repetitive, and short utterances, and is most effective when the child leads the conversation.
- Language input from talkative mothers results in children having a larger vocabulary at 16 and 24 months compared to children of less talkative mothers.
- Telegraphic speech examples include questions, requests, descriptions of locations and actions, negations, and possessives.
- The transition from telegraphic to grammatical speech occurs around 2;2 years old.
- The study of child language development is important across disciplines, with milestones including cooing and babbling in the first year, and grammatical morphemes and complex sentences by 2-3 years old.
- Behavior and physiological approaches contribute to our understanding of cognition and working memory, with evidence for the existence of a visuospatial sketch pad.
- Lenneberg's Critical Period theory suggests that the onset of language is at age 2 and that language capacity declines after puberty.
- Dichotic listening experiments demonstrate that information from the right ear reaches the left hemisphere faster than information from the left ear, supporting the idea of lateralization.
- Neural plasticity allows for recovery of linguistic abilities in young children after brain damage, which is supported by evidence from recovery and language acquisition in adults.
- The cases of Isabella and Genie illustrate the impact of language deprivation and the potential for language recovery through intensive training.
- Isabella's language abilities improved rapidly after receiving language training, demonstrating the importance of early intervention in language development.
- Genie's language development, after being discovered at age 13 following severe abuse and neglect, showed limitations in grammar and syntax, contributing to the understanding of critical periods and language development.
Language Acquisition and Memory Processes
- Dichotic listening experiment by Colin Cherry (1953) demonstrated the ability of participants to focus on one message while ignoring others in a noisy environment.
- Broadbent's filter model of attention illustrates early computer information processing methods.
- Memory processes include encoding, consolidation, and retrieval.
- Memory structure consists of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
- Sensory memory has a large capacity and stores modality-specific information.
- Short-term memory has a limited capacity of 5-9 items and a duration of about 30 seconds.
- Long-term memory has a relatively unlimited capacity and stores information permanently.
- Primacy and recency biases influence memory encoding and retrieval.
- Language acquisition is considered both simple and complex, involving nature and nurture.
- Emergentism, proposed by Karmiloff-Smith (2001), emphasizes the dynamic interaction between nature and nurture in language acquisition.
- Innate learning mechanisms and milestones in language acquisition are described, from listening and producing sounds to dialogue and first words.
- Vocabulary spurt occurs after the first words appear, with children adding new words at a rapid pace.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge about Child Directed Speech (CDS) also known as 'Motherese' in this quiz. Learn about the characteristics and effectiveness of CDS in language development.
