Cell Biology: Nucleus and Cytoskeleton

Nucleic Acids and DNA Structure

• The main function of nucleic acids is to store and transmit genetic information.
• A nucleotide is distinct due to its three components: a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
• The DNA structure is described as a double helix, where two complementary strands are twisted together with sugar and phosphate molecules making up the backbone, and nitrogenous bases projecting inward from the backbone.

Cell Organelles and Functions

• Organelles are found within eukaryotic cells, which are cells with a true nucleus.
• The function of the cell membrane is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• The heads of phospholipids are made of hydrophilic (water-loving) phosphate groups.

Cellular Control and Energy Generation

• The nucleus is the organelle that controls the normal activities of the cell.
• The mitochondria is the organelle responsible for generating cellular energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Cellular Functions and Division

• The function of the nucleolus in the cell is to synthesize and assemble ribosomes.
• The spindle fibers are the organelle involved in pulling chromosome pairs apart during cell division.

Test your knowledge of cell biology with this quiz covering the structure and functions of the nucleus, nucleolus, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, and centrioles.