40 Questions
What is the characteristic of snow required for a loose snow avalanche to occur?
Snow with low cohesion
What is the primary difference between slab avalanches and loose snow avalanches?
Cohesion of snow layers
Why are slab avalanches considered the most dangerous?
They can start in either shallow or deep snow layers
What is the primary factor in the successful rescue of a person buried in an avalanche?
Actions taken by unburied survivors
What should you do when crossing an avalanche track cannot be avoided?
Select the shortest possible route high on the slope or low in the run-out zone
What is the purpose of assigning a spotter at the top and bottom of the track?
To provide a warning signal
What should you do with larger packs when crossing an avalanche track?
Loosen them
Why should teams performing rescue operations in an avalanche area be mentally prepared?
For the possibility that they too may be overtaken by an avalanche
What should you do if an acetylene cylinder has been laid on its side?
Place the cylinder upright and wait at least one hour before using
Why is it important to call gases by their proper names?
To avoid confusion that could cause death or injury
What is the smell of ammonia often compared to?
The smell of drying urine
At what concentration can ammonia's smell be detected?
1-50 ppm
What is the explosive range of ammonia?
16%–25%
How is ammonia typically stored?
In commercial cylinders as a compressed liquefied gas
What can cause ammonia to become corrosive and explosive?
Heat and oxidizing substances
What is the minimum concentration of ammonia that can cause rapid death?
5000 ppm
What is the explosive range of hydrogen sulphide?
4.3%–45%
What can cause dust explosions that create hydrogen sulphide?
Blasting operations in sulphide ore bodies
What is the immediate effect of hydrogen sulphide on humans?
Paralysis of the sense of smell
What is the concentration of hydrogen sulphide that is immediately dangerous to life and health?
100 PPM
What is the characteristic smell of MAPP gas?
Fishy
What is the explosive range of MAPP gas?
1.8%–11.7%
What is the effect of high concentrations of MAPP gas on humans?
Anaesthetizing effect
How is MAPP gas stored?
As a liquid under pressure
What is the percentage of Nitrogen in the air?
78.01%
What is the smell of Hydrogen Cyanide?
Bitter Almond odour
What is the source of Carbon Monoxide?
Incomplete combustion, diesel and gas engine exhaust
What is the smell of Sulphur Dioxide?
Sulphur smell
What is the source of Hydrogen Sulphide?
Decomposition of some sulphur compounds
What is the characteristic of Carbon Dioxide?
Taste in high concentration
What is the source of Oxygen?
Constituent of air
What is the smell of Chlorine?
Bleach smell
What factor does not influence the size and speed of the resonance wave?
Color of the vehicle
What is the maximum allowable mass of a vehicle in motion for an ice thickness of 12.5 cm?
9,025 kg
What is the speed limit on ice roads for an empty vehicle?
35 km/h
What can be the result of the resonance wave on the ice?
A blowout or an ice failure
What is the term for the range of physiological reactions to adverse temperature conditions?
Thermal stress
What is the purpose of Gold's Formula?
To determine the maximum allowable mass of a vehicle in motion
What is the maximum allowable mass of a vehicle in motion for an ice thickness of 20 cm?
32,400 kg
What is the role of mine rescuers in relation to thermal stress?
To recognize and adequately respond to thermal stress
Learn about the different types of avalanches, including slab and loose snow avalanches, and their characteristics. Understand how they form and what makes them dangerous.
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