42 Questions
Which category of amino acids contains those with a negative charge and are hydrophilic?
Acidic
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and contains a sulfur atom?
Methionine
Which amino acid is classified as neutral polar and has a hydroxyl group?
Serine
Which amino acid is classified as neutral polar and is part of many important proteins and peptides, such as insulin and keratin?
Cysteine
Which category of amino acids contains those with a positive charge and are hydrophilic?
Basic
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and contains an aromatic benzene ring?
Phenylalanine
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and can form disulfide bonds?
Methionine
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and cannot rotate freely around alpha-C, making it unsuitable for protein structures that require rotation?
Proline
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and is unique due to its ability to help bind metals?
Methionine
Which amino acid is classified as neutral polar and is a site for phosphorylation?
Threonine
Which of the following is NOT a way in which nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid?
Deamination
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine?
Glutamine synthetase
Which amino acid belongs to the pyruvate family?
Alanine
Which amino acid family includes methionine and lysine?
Aspartate family
Which coenzyme is required for the direct incorporation of nitrogen from ammonia?
Vitamin B3
Which amino acid is NOT a member of the glutamate family?
Aspartate
Which enzyme is responsible for the transamination reaction involving glutamate and pyruvate?
ALT
Which amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines?
Serine
Which amino acid family includes threonine and lysine?
Aspartate family
Which coenzyme is required for the transamination reactions?
PLP
Which of the following is a symptom of Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Progressive mental retardation
What is the main function of histamine?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a way of N-incorporation into amino acids?
Urea cycle
Which part of the body has a high concentration of glutamine synthetase?
Brain
What is the purpose of the urea cycle?
To convert ammonia to urea
Where does carbamoyl phosphate get its nitrogen from?
Ammonia
Which molecule is used to start the urea cycle?
Ammonia
What happens to urea after it is produced in the urea cycle?
It is excreted in urine
Which amino acids are classified as both glucogenic and ketogenic?
Threonine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan
Which category of amino acids contains those with a negative charge and are hydrophilic?
Acidic
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and contains an aromatic benzene ring?
Phenylalanine
What is a function of sulphur containing AAs?
Binds metals
Which amino acid is classified as neutral polar and has a hydroxyl group?
Serine
Which of the following amino acids is classified as both glucogenic and ketogenic?
Tyrosine
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glutamate to glutamine?
Glutamine synthetase
Where does the ammonia come from in the urea cycle?
Glutamine
Which amino acid is classified as neutral polar and contains a sulfur atom?
Cysteine
Which amino acid family includes proline and arginine?
Glutamate family
Which amino acid is classified as neutral polar and is a precursor for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines?
Serine
Which coenzyme is required for the direct incorporation of nitrogen from ammonia?
B3
What is the main function of histamine?
To act as a neurotransmitter
Which amino acid is classified as neutral nonpolar and contains a sulfur atom?
Methionine
Study Notes
Amino Acid Categories and Properties
- Amino acids with a negative charge and hydrophilic characteristics belong to the acidic amino acids category.
- Neutral nonpolar amino acid containing a sulfur atom is methionine.
- Neutral polar amino acid with a hydroxyl group is serine.
- A neutral polar amino acid pivotal in proteins like insulin and keratin is cysteine.
- Amino acids with a positive charge and hydrophilic properties fall under the basic amino acids category.
- Neutral nonpolar amino acid featuring an aromatic benzene ring is phenylalanine.
- Neutral nonpolar amino acid that can form disulfide bonds is cysteine.
- Neutral nonpolar amino acid that cannot rotate freely around alpha-C is proline.
- Neutral nonpolar amino acid that aids in metal binding is histidine.
- Neutral polar amino acid functioning as a site for phosphorylation is threonine.
Enzymes and Metabolism
- Glutamate to glutamine conversion is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase.
- Alanine belongs to the pyruvate family of amino acids.
- The amino acid family that includes methionine and lysine is known for essential amino acids.
- Required coenzyme for direct nitrogen incorporation from ammonia is glutamate dehydrogenase.
- Aspartate is NOT a member of the glutamate family.
- Transamination reaction involving glutamate and pyruvate is facilitated by aminotransferases.
- Glutamine serves as a precursor for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines.
- The family that includes threonine and lysine is termed essential amino acids.
- Required coenzyme for transamination reactions is pyridoxal phosphate.
Conditions and Functions
- Phenylketonuria (PKU) symptoms include intellectual disability and seizures.
- The main function of histamine is promoting immune responses and regulating physiological functions in the stomach.
- Glutamine synthetase is concentrated in the brain and liver.
- The urea cycle aims to detoxify ammonia and excrete it as urea.
- Carbamoyl phosphate derives its nitrogen primarily from ammonia.
- The starting molecule for the urea cycle is ornithine.
- After production, urea is transported to the kidneys for excretion.
- Amino acids classified as both glucogenic and ketogenic include tyrosine and isoleucine.
- Cysteine, classified as neutral polar, contains a sulfur atom.
- Sulfur-containing amino acids have roles in the formation of disulfide bonds, contributing to protein structure and stability.
Test your knowledge of amino acids classifications and properties with this quiz by Dr. Heisel. Categorize amino acids by polarity, identify unique groups, and match the 3-letter codes to their corresponding 1-letter codes.
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