Identify the anatomy of the neuron, be able to identify the different parts on a drawing, and what are the functions of each part. Describe how neurons work. What is an alpha motor... Identify the anatomy of the neuron, be able to identify the different parts on a drawing, and what are the functions of each part. Describe how neurons work. What is an alpha motor neuron? Describe the all-or-nothing principle. What is a motor unit? What is the relationship between motor neurons and muscles? What is the innervation ratio? Describe how force is controlled. Describe the size principle. Why are MUs recruited from small to large? What are EPSPs and IPSPs and how do they relate to Action Potentials? Be able to list differences between Postsynaptic Potentials and Action Potentials. Be able to ID lobes of cerebral cortex. Explain the difference between white and grey matter. Describe the function of and identify the Corticospinal Tract. Describe the function of and identify the Somatosensory Cortex. Describe 2 pathways to the somatosensory cortex and what they sense. Describe how pain is sensed by the brain/brainstem. Describe at least 2 theories for explaining chronic pain. Describe function of the Motor Cortex and how it sends movement signals. How do we know that the motor cortex controls MUs? What is the role of each part of the motor cortex? Describe what is meant by “proprioception.” Describe why proprioception is important for motor control. What are the location of afferent nerve cell bodies? Describe and ID Muscle Spindles. What are the different types of intrafusal fibers innervated by? What is a Gamma motor neuron? What is Alpha-Gamma coactivation? Describe and ID Golgi Tendon Organ. Describe some differences between reflexes and voluntary movements. Define a spinal circuit (reflex arc). ID and be able to draw basic reflex arcs including Stretch Reflex, Flexor Reflex, and Crossed Extensor Reflex. What is reciprocal inhibition? What is autogenic inhibition? What is bilateral deficit? Briefly describe the vestibular pathway from receptor to CNS. Be able to identify the gross anatomy of the Vestibular System. Define what the semicircular canals sense. Define what the saccule and utricle sense. Describe how the semicircular canals work. Describe the function of the Vestibular Ocular Reflex. Describe the visual system from receptors via nerve to CNS. Describe 2 different types of photoreceptors. What is the name of the nerve? What is the main brain area that receives visual info? Understand what the dorsal and ventral streams do for vision. Explain where the vision for action and vision perception pathways go to and from. Understand damage at each level of the visual pathway. Describe optic flow and how the visual system is involved in locomotion and standing balance. Summarize the Sensory & Motor Areas of the Brain involved with Movement. Read more