Year 1 Kidney Function and Endocrine System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following hormones is produced by the kidney in response to hypoxia?

  • Aldosterone
  • Calcitriol
  • Erythropoietin (correct)
  • Renin

    • What is the primary function of the hormone erythropoietin?

  • Stimulation of the adrenal gland
  • Regulation of blood pressure
  • Regulation of electrolyte balance
  • Promotion of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow (correct)

    • Which of the following hormones is classified as a glucocorticoid?

  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Androgens
  • Adrenaline
  • Aldosterone

    • What is the primary function of the hormone aldosterone?

    <p>Regulation of electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adrenal hormones is classified as a catecholamine?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hormone cortisol?

    <p>Regulation of glucose metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens produced by the adrenal gland?

    <p>Regulation of male characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal medulla to mediate the fight or flight response?

    <p>Adrenaline and noradrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol?

    <p>Regulating glucose balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids, such as aldosterone?

    <p>Regulating mineral balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)?

    <p>Producing sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticosteroids?

    <p>Regulating both mineral and glucose balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are catecholamines produced in the adrenal gland?

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating salt and water balance in the body?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cortisol in the body?

    <p>Increasing glucose in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Producing more potent sex hormones in the gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids in the body?

    <p>Response to stress and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to inadequate mineralcorticoids?

    <p>Salt loss and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catecholamines in the body?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a group of adrenal cortical hormones?

    <p>Glucocorticoids and androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing overproduction of androgens?

    <p>Early puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating bone metabolism?

    <p>Vitamin D3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticosteroids in the body?

    <p>Response to stress and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of angiotensin II on the body?

    <p>It increases blood pressure by stimulating water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?

    <p>It decreases blood pressure by increasing Na+ excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the adrenal gland in response to stress?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ACE inhibitors on blood pressure?

    <p>They decrease blood pressure by stopping the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in the regulation of electrolyte balance?

    <p>Mineralcorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of too much cortisol in the body?

    <p>Weight gain, high blood pressure, and stretch marks in skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

    <p>It makes and releases vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the adrenal gland in response to low blood pressure?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aldosterone?

    <p>Regulating blood pressure by controlling sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of corticosteroids on the body?

    <p>They have anti-inflammatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a lack of calcitriol in the body?

    <p>Vitamin D deficiency and related issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of too much ACTH in the pituitary gland?

    <p>Too much cortisol production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypoxia on erythropoietin production?

    <p>Increased erythropoietin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypoaldosteronism on the body?

    <p>Hypotension and circulatory insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catecholamines in the body?

    <p>Responding to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Addison's disease on cortisol levels?

    <p>Too little cortisol production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Stimulating the fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Development of male characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol?

    <p>Response to stress and regulation of metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids, such as aldosterone?

    <p>Regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of corticosteroids on the body?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is involved in the regulation of electrolyte balance?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of too much cortisol in the body?

    <p>Suppressed immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticosteroids in the body?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Mediating the fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens produced by the adrenal gland?

    <p>Producing sex steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticosteroids?

    <p>Responding to stress and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?

    <p>Responding to stress and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids?

    <p>Regulating electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing overproduction of androgens?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing inadequate mineralcorticoids?

    <p>Salt loss and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adrenal gland?

    <p>Producing corticosteroids, catecholamines, and androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catecholamines in the body?

    <p>Mediation of the fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens produced by the adrenal gland?

    <p>Development of male characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol?

    <p>Response to stress and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids, such as aldosterone?

    <p>Regulation of electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of angiotensin II on the body?

    <p>Increase in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the body?

    <p>Increase in sodium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ACE inhibitors on blood pressure?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

    <p>Production of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catecholamines produced by the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Mediating the fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of androgens produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Stimulating the development of male characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of too much cortisol in the body?

    <p>Stretch marks in skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids, such as aldosterone?

    <p>Regulating electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypoaldosteronism on the body?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol?

    <p>Responding to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Cushing's disease on cortisol levels?

    <p>Increased cortisol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticosteroids in the body?

    <p>Maintaining homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which steroid hormones, such as adrenal hormones, exert their effects on target cells?

    <p>By entering the target cell and changing the transcription of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of production of catecholamines in the adrenal gland?

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, on glucose balance?

    <p>They increase glucose in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), produced by the adrenal gland?

    <p>They are converted into more potent male sex hormones in the gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids, such as aldosterone?

    <p>They regulate mineral balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticosteroids, such as cortisol and aldosterone?

    <p>They are involved in both glucose and mineral balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucocorticoids on the body's response to stress?

    <p>They increase the body's response to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of production of androgens in the adrenal gland?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

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