Renal Endocrinology and Adrenal Function

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What is the effect of Angiotensin II on the body?

It has no effect on blood pressure or fluid volume

It causes water reabsorption from the nephron and stimulates thirst (correct)

It decreases blood pressure by reducing fluid volume

It stimulates Na+ excretion and thus increases water loss in urine

What is the function of ACE inhibitors?

They stimulate the release of anti-diuretic hormone

They convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increasing blood pressure

They have no effect on blood pressure regulation

They stop the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, lowering blood pressure (correct)

What is the effect of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) on the body?

It increases Na+ excretion and thus increases water loss in urine (correct)

It causes water reabsorption from the nephron and stimulates thirst

It increases blood pressure by stimulating Na+ retention

It has no effect on blood pressure or fluid volume

What is the location of the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?

From the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) on blood pressure?

It increases blood pressure by increasing fluid volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the adrenal gland?

It releases different hormones from different areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Angiotensin II on thirst?

It stimulates thirst Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin in the body?

To promote erythropoiesis in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that involves the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of erythropoietin synthesis?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcitriol in the body?

Regulation of calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone produced by the kidney in response to hypoxia?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adrenal gland?

Production of hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone produced by the adrenal gland that regulates electrolyte balance?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the stimulus for the production of erythropoietin?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary response to a drop in blood pressure in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

Release of renin to start the RAAS Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the RAAS?

Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on glomerular efferent and afferent arterioles in the kidney?

It causes more constriction of glomerular efferent than afferent arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the reabsorption of water in the nephron?

It stimulates the reabsorption of water by increasing the concentration of NaCl in the medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the RAAS?

It increases the reabsorption of Na+ and water in the nephron Signup and view all the answers

Where does the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II take place?

In the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of angiotensinogen in the RAAS?

The liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels?

It causes vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic kidney disease on erythropoietin production?

Decreased erythropoietin production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitriol in the body?

Maintenance of bone health Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypoaldosteronism on the body?

Loss of sodium ions, hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mineralcorticoids in the body?

Maintenance of electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excessive cortisol levels on the body?

Weight gain, high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Addison's disease on cortisol levels?

Decreased cortisol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Cushing's disease on cortisol levels?

Increased cortisol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of catecholamines in the body?

Regulation of stress response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of steroid hormones?

Changing the transcription of DNA in the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mineralcorticoids, a type of corticosteroid?

Regulating mineral balance in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which steroid hormones are converted into more potent forms in the gonads?

Conversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Regulating the body's response to stress Signup and view all the answers