Renal Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Where are nephrons located? (Select all that apply)

Renal capsule

Renal pelvis

Medulla

Cortex and medulla (correct)

Which structure reabsorbs glucose and amino acids and secretes creatine?

The proximal convoluted tubule

What are the known functions of the distal convoluted tubule?

It reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions and produces ammonium

If a drug acts as a diuretic that impacts the glomerular filtration rate, what would you expect?

An increase in glomerular filtration rate when taking drugs Signup and view all the answers

What clinical results would be consistent with the hypothesis that a drug acts to increase urinary output by affecting ADH or aldosterone signaling?

Patients receiving drug acts which have lower than normal levels of ADH and/or aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

If the reabsorption process is indeed passive and due to higher osmotic pressure in the external ceiling, what would be your prediction for the volume reabsorbed in the absence of oxygen to make ATP?

Without oxygen, the absorbed volume should be similar to that which was measured in presence of oxygen (V out lower than V in and C out higher than C in) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nephron Location

Nephrons are located in both the cortex and medulla of the kidney, playing a crucial role in urine formation.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing glucose and amino acids from filtrate while secreting creatinine back into it.

Distal Convoluted Tubule Functions

The distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions, contributing to electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis, and produces ammonium.

Diuretics and Glomerular Filtration Rate

Diuretics that affect glomerular filtration rate typically lead to an increase in the rate, promoting urine production.

ADH and Aldosterone Signaling

Clinical effects from drugs targeting antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or aldosterone may present as lower than normal levels of both hormones in patients, indicating increased urinary output.

Passive Reabsorption and Oxygen Dependency

If reabsorption is passive due to osmotic pressure, the volume reabsorbed in the absence of oxygen remains similar to that with oxygen present, suggesting that active processes are not dominant.

Description

Test your knowledge on renal anatomy and the functions of nephrons with these flashcards. Covering essential structures like the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, this quiz is perfect for students studying renal physiology. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of kidney functions.