16 Questions
What is the primary function of natriuretic hormone in diabetic kidney disease?
Causing Na+ secretion
Which hormone is responsible for the increase in Ca++ reabsorption and blocking phosphate reabsorption?
Parathyroid hormone
How do baroreceptors function in response to changes in blood pressure?
Promoting vasodilation with decreased BP
Which of the following statements about sodium is true?
Potassium moves in the same direction as sodium most of the time
What is the regulatory function of hydrogen ions in the body?
Regulation of acid/base homeostasis
How is nitrogen waste primarily processed in the body?
Broken down into urea
What does oliguria, which is the excretion of 300-500 mL/day, typically indicate?
Blood loss
What is the significance of the presence of leukocytes in urine?
Urinary tract infection
Which hormone directly influences the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
Aldosterone
What is the main function of the collecting duct in the nephron?
Regulation of water reabsorption
What is the function of macula densa in the nephron?
Regulates renin release
What is the primary cause of polyuria, which is the excretion of more than 2.5 liters of urine per day?
Diabetes mellitus
Which part of the nephron is responsible for actively pumping out sodium ions and creating a negative charge in the interstitial space?
Descending Loop of Henle
What does anuria, which is the excretion of less than 50 mL/day, often indicate?
Kidney failure
Which substance is primarily reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule through active transport?
Sodium
What happens when there is systemic edema due to excessive protein being filtered into urine?
Lower osmotic pressure in circulating blood leading to edema.
Test your knowledge on the functions of the urinary system, including the process of urine excretion, signs of dehydration, and common urine output abnormalities. Learn about polyuria, oliguria, and the specific gravity of urine.
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