6 Questions
What is the main function of Surfactant protein A and Surfactant protein D in the lungs?
To lower surface tension at the air-liquid interface and prevent alveolar collapse
What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator?
To move mucus and debris out of the lungs
What is the significance of the curvature of the Larynx?
It helps to throw up organisms against the wall during inhalation
What is the most common pathogen associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)?
All of the above
What is the function of Surfactant in the lungs?
To prevent alveolar collapse and modulate immune responses
What is the significance of the sinuses?
They add lightness to the skull and act as an important eco-chamber
Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)
- Infections that involve the nose, sinuses (important ecologic chamber that adds lightness to the skull), pharynx (throat), and larynx (curvature to the respiratory tract)
- First symptoms of viral infections in the pharynx
- Causative agents: Group A strep and viruses
- Increase in mucus production, allowing growth of organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis
Lower Respiratory Tract and Mucous
- Mucociliary escalator: a mechanism that helps remove mucus and debris from the lungs
- Surfactant proteins: Surfactant Protein A (SPA) and Surfactant Protein D (SPD)
- Functions of surfactant:
- Lowering surface tension at the air-liquid interface to prevent alveolar collapse at end-expiration
- Interacting with and killing pathogens to prevent their dissemination
- Modulating immune responses
Importance of Surfactant
- Preventing lung collapse
- Interacting with and killing pathogens
- Modulating immune responses
This quiz covers the different types of infections that affect the upper and lower respiratory tracts, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and lung. It also explores the symptoms and causes of these infections, including bacterial and viral pathogens.
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