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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of Surfactant protein A and Surfactant protein D in the lungs?
What is the main function of Surfactant protein A and Surfactant protein D in the lungs?
- To lower surface tension at the air-liquid interface and prevent alveolar collapse (correct)
- To help in the exhalation process
- To aid in the growth of pathogens
- To increase mucus production
What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator?
What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator?
- To produce mucus
- To regulate immune responses
- To move mucus and debris out of the lungs (correct)
- To fight off pathogens
What is the significance of the curvature of the Larynx?
What is the significance of the curvature of the Larynx?
- It helps to throw up organisms against the wall during inhalation (correct)
- It increases the surface area of the lungs
- It regulates the flow of air
- It helps to produce sound
What is the most common pathogen associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)?
What is the most common pathogen associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)?
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What is the function of Surfactant in the lungs?
What is the function of Surfactant in the lungs?
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What is the significance of the sinuses?
What is the significance of the sinuses?
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Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)
- Infections that involve the nose, sinuses (important ecologic chamber that adds lightness to the skull), pharynx (throat), and larynx (curvature to the respiratory tract)
- First symptoms of viral infections in the pharynx
- Causative agents: Group A strep and viruses
- Increase in mucus production, allowing growth of organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis
Lower Respiratory Tract and Mucous
- Mucociliary escalator: a mechanism that helps remove mucus and debris from the lungs
- Surfactant proteins: Surfactant Protein A (SPA) and Surfactant Protein D (SPD)
- Functions of surfactant:
- Lowering surface tension at the air-liquid interface to prevent alveolar collapse at end-expiration
- Interacting with and killing pathogens to prevent their dissemination
- Modulating immune responses
Importance of Surfactant
- Preventing lung collapse
- Interacting with and killing pathogens
- Modulating immune responses
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