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Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

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Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of Surfactant protein A and Surfactant protein D in the lungs?

To lower surface tension at the air-liquid interface and prevent alveolar collapse (correct)

To help in the exhalation process

To aid in the growth of pathogens

To increase mucus production

What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator?

To produce mucus

To regulate immune responses

To move mucus and debris out of the lungs (correct)

To fight off pathogens

What is the significance of the curvature of the Larynx?

It helps to throw up organisms against the wall during inhalation (correct)

It increases the surface area of the lungs

It regulates the flow of air

It helps to produce sound

What is the most common pathogen associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Surfactant in the lungs?

To prevent alveolar collapse and modulate immune responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sinuses?

They add lightness to the skull and act as an important eco-chamber Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)

Infections that involve the nose, sinuses (important ecologic chamber that adds lightness to the skull), pharynx (throat), and larynx (curvature to the respiratory tract)
First symptoms of viral infections in the pharynx
Causative agents: Group A strep and viruses
Increase in mucus production, allowing growth of organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis

Lower Respiratory Tract and Mucous

Mucociliary escalator: a mechanism that helps remove mucus and debris from the lungs
Surfactant proteins: Surfactant Protein A (SPA) and Surfactant Protein D (SPD)
Functions of surfactant:
- Lowering surface tension at the air-liquid interface to prevent alveolar collapse at end-expiration
- Interacting with and killing pathogens to prevent their dissemination
- Modulating immune responses

Importance of Surfactant

Preventing lung collapse
Interacting with and killing pathogens
Modulating immune responses

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Description

This quiz covers the different types of infections that affect the upper and lower respiratory tracts, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and lung. It also explores the symptoms and causes of these infections, including bacterial and viral pathogens.