49 Questions
Which of the following is classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)?
Sinusitis
Which of the following is considered a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)?
Pneumonia
Which of the following is not classified as a respiratory infection?
Gingivitis
Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI)?
Breathlessness
What is the characteristic finding during auscultation of the chest in URTI?
Normal
Which imaging technique is commonly used to investigate respiratory tract infections?
Chest X-ray (CXR)
Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)?
Nasal congestion
Which of the following is NOT an abnormal breath sound that may be heard during auscultation of the chest in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)?
Stridor
Which symptom is not commonly associated with LRTI?
Chronic illness
Which of the following is a possible symptom associated with LRTI?
Breathlessness
Which of the following is the pathological definition of pneumonia?
Fluid filled air spaces leading to consolidation
How can pneumonia be prevented?
Immunization and addressing environmental factors
What are the possible causative agents of pneumonia?
Viruses, bacteria, or fungi
What is the recommended treatment for bacterial pneumonia?
Antibiotics
Which of the following is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following is responsible for at least one quarter of all pneumonia deaths in HIV-infected infants?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Which of the following is the most common viral cause of pneumonia in children?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Which pathogen is the second most common cause of bacterial pneumonia?
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
During which season is pneumonia more common in the UK?
Winter
Which age group is considered a risk factor for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Children under 16 and adults over 65
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pneumonia?
Hypertension
Which of the following is considered a poor lifestyle choice that increases the risk of pneumonia?
Alcoholism
Which type of pneumonia is acquired outside of a healthcare facility?
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Which type of pneumonia is associated with infections acquired during hospitalization or healthcare interventions?
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
Which type of pneumonia is acquired in the community by a person with no underlying immunosuppression or malignancy?
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Which type of pneumonia is acquired as a result in a person without underlying immunosuppression or malignancy?
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Which group of patients is more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?
Patients with underlying immunosuppression or malignancy
Which of the following is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following are atypical pneumonia organism?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Which mode of transmission is associated with aspiration pneumonia?
Inhalation of food, liquids, vomitus, or fluids from the mouth into the lungs
Which preventive measure is recommended to reduce the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) related to bacterial pathogens?
Immunization with Pneumococcal vaccine
Which preventive measure helps to support a strong immune system and reduce the risk of pneumonia?
Adequate nutrition
According to the CURB 65 Prognostic Score for Pneumonia, which of the following factors is NOT considered in the scoring system?
Urea (<7 mmol / L)
According to the CURB 65 Prognostic Score for Pneumonia, what is the management guide for a score of 2?
Admit to hospital (ward)
If a patient has a 'CURB 65' score of 0, what would be the recommended management approach?
Outpatient treatment
A 45-year-old patient with urea level of 7.5 mmol/L and blood pressure of 88/58 mmHg would receive how many points in the 'CURB 65' score?
2 points
An 85-year-old patient with a mental test score of 6 and urea level of 9 mmol/L would receive how many points in the 'CURB 65' score?
3 points
What is the cutoff value for the respiratory rate in the 'CURB 65' score?
30 / min
Which blood pressure values can get a point in the 'CURB 65' score?
SBP <90mm Hg / DBP <60mm Hg
Which of the following complications involves an abnormal inflammatory response of the body against infection or trauma, leading to lung involvement?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
A 20-year-old patient with a respiratory rate of 20/min and urea level of 5 mmol/L would receive how many points in the 'CURB 65' score?
0 points
What is the time frame used to define hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?
New onset of cough with purulent sputum beyond 2 days of hospital admission
Which of the following is the second most common type of nosocomial infection?
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Which of the following is the most likely cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Escherichia coli
Which of the following blood tests is likely to show elevated levels in hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Leukocytes
What is the most common type of infection in hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Mixed infection
Which group of bacteria accounts for approximately 25% of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) cases?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is the main factor that increases the risk of acquiring hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?
Poor immunity or co-morbidity
What is the recommended preventive measure for reducing the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?
Observance of ANTT in patient instrumentation
Test your knowledge on respiratory infections and their classification based on the structure affected. Learn about upper respiratory tract infections like common colds, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, epiglottitis, and laryngitis, as well as lower respiratory tract infections such as tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.
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