Understanding the Glomerulus and Urine Composition

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What is the term for the absence of urine production?

Polyuria

Oliguria

Anuria (correct)

Diuresis

What does the presence of leukocytes in the urine indicate?

Diabetes

Osteomalacia

Urinary tract infection (correct)

Kidney stones

What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Filtration (correct)

Secretion

Absorption

Excretion

Which food group tends to lower urine pH?

Meats Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of ketones in urine indicate?

Fat being used for energy Signup and view all the answers

What does polyuria refer to?

Overproduction of urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium in the blood?

Calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythrocyte production when oxygen concentration is low?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

What could inadequate vitamin D levels potentially lead to?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones does not play a role in regulating blood pressure through the kidneys?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys help maintain the body's blood pH level?

By recovering electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

Reabsorb water and some sodium Signup and view all the answers

What role does urea play in the nephron?

Rids the body of nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the final area in the kidney to adjust water balance and osmolarity?

Collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

How does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) affect water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Stimulates water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of norepinephrine in kidney function?

Causes vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

How do baroreceptors help regulate blood pressure?

Respond to changes in blood pressure with sympathetic or parasympathetic responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endothelins in kidney physiology?

Promote vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Which substance increases water content in urine for a person with uncontrolled diabetes?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of aldosterone in kidney regulation?

Promote sodium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for urination?

Micturition Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron has many microvilli to absorb and secrete solutes?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) a measure of?

Filtrate production per minute Signup and view all the answers

What causes aquaporin channel proteins to pull water back into interstitial spaces for reabsorption?

ADH Signup and view all the answers

What happens if osmolarity is high in the body?

Cells contract to form less urine Signup and view all the answers

Where does most water reabsorption occur along the nephron?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nephrons in the kidney?

Produce urine Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney is responsible for regulating renin release and influencing blood volume?

Macula densa Signup and view all the answers

What causes smooth muscle contraction if blood pressure increases?

Low blood pressure Signup and view all the answers