30 Questions
What is the term for the absence of urine production?
Anuria
What does the presence of leukocytes in the urine indicate?
Urinary tract infection
What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
Filtration
Which food group tends to lower urine pH?
Meats
What does the presence of ketones in urine indicate?
Fat being used for energy
What does polyuria refer to?
Overproduction of urine
What is the active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium in the blood?
Calcitriol
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythrocyte production when oxygen concentration is low?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What could inadequate vitamin D levels potentially lead to?
Osteoporosis
Which of the following hormones does not play a role in regulating blood pressure through the kidneys?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
How do the kidneys help maintain the body's blood pH level?
By recovering electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium
What is the function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?
Reabsorb water and some sodium
What role does urea play in the nephron?
Rids the body of nitrogen
Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the final area in the kidney to adjust water balance and osmolarity?
Collecting ducts
How does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) affect water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Stimulates water reabsorption
What is the role of norepinephrine in kidney function?
Causes vasoconstriction
How do baroreceptors help regulate blood pressure?
Respond to changes in blood pressure with sympathetic or parasympathetic responses
What is the function of endothelins in kidney physiology?
Promote vasoconstriction
Which substance increases water content in urine for a person with uncontrolled diabetes?
Glucose
What is the main function of aldosterone in kidney regulation?
Promote sodium reabsorption
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
Which part of the nephron has many microvilli to absorb and secrete solutes?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) a measure of?
Filtrate production per minute
What causes aquaporin channel proteins to pull water back into interstitial spaces for reabsorption?
ADH
What happens if osmolarity is high in the body?
Cells contract to form less urine
Where does most water reabsorption occur along the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
What is the main function of nephrons in the kidney?
Produce urine
Which part of the kidney is responsible for regulating renin release and influencing blood volume?
Macula densa
What causes smooth muscle contraction if blood pressure increases?
Low blood pressure
Explore the role of the glomerulus in the nephron and how it contributes to urine production. Learn about factors affecting urine content, the importance of urinalysis, and common causes of changes in urine color and odor.
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