26 Questions
What is the term for the absence of urine production?
Anuria
Which food type generally raises the pH of urine?
Dairy
What does the presence of ketones in urine indicate?
The body using fat for energy
What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
Blood filtration
What substance is normally found in urine and can indicate a urinary tract infection?
Leukocytes
Which condition can lead to kidney stones or osteomalacia?
Chronic high urine pH
Which molecule type is harder to remove from the body due to filtering limitations?
Large drug molecules
What process must vitamin D undergo in the kidney to become active?
Hydroxylation
Which hormone is needed to regulate calcium levels in the blood?
Calcitriol
What condition can inadequate vitamin D levels lead to?
Osteoporosis
Which organ primarily produces erythropoietin (EPO)?
Kidneys
Which mechanism involves the movement of solutes with sodium?
Symport mechanism
What is the function of aquaporin channels in the descending Loop of Henle?
Enhance water reabsorption
Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT?
Aldosterone
What is the main function of Endothelins in the kidneys?
Cause vasoconstriction
Which hormone inhibits aldosterone, allowing sodium to leave and water to be excreted?
Natriuretic hormones
What regulates acid and bases slowly compared to the lungs' ability to rid the body of acids?
The kidneys
How do diuretics affect urine volume?
Increase urine volume
What effect does caffeine have on ADH?
Inhibits ADH release
What is the main function of PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) regarding hydrogen ions?
Secrete hydrogen ions to lower acidity
What does the natriuretic hormone do?
Inhibit sodium reabsorption
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
Where does urine form in the body?
Kidneys
What causes ADH to work on the cell's membrane and pull water back for reabsorption?
Low osmolarity in blood
What is the main function of nephrons in the kidney?
Absorb solutes
Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption and secretion of substances?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Learn about the different components of the urinary system, including the glomerulus, urine production, and factors affecting urine composition. Discover how urinalysis can help determine urine content and what factors can influence urine color and odor.
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