Urinary System Functioning and Urinalysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the absence of urine production?

  • Diuresis
  • Polyuria
  • Oliguria
  • Anuria (correct)
  • What does the presence of leukocytes in the urine indicate?

  • Dehydration
  • Urinary tract infection (correct)
  • Normal condition
  • High protein intake
  • What does the specific gravity of urine measure?

  • Amount of solutes (correct)
  • Color of urine
  • Temperature of urine
  • Volume of urine produced
  • What can ketones in the urine indicate?

    <p>Body using fat for energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an overproduction of urine refer to?

    <p>Polyuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the urethra?

    <p>Transport urine from bladder outside the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of vitamin D?

    <p>Calcitriol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythrocyte production?

    <p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process ensures the recovery of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium by the kidneys?

    <p>Filtration and reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why vitamin D is sometimes referred to as a hormone instead of a vitamin?

    <p>Its role in regulating calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in regulating blood pressure?

    <p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for urination?

    <p>Micturition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aquaporin channel proteins?

    <p>Pull water out of the interstitial spaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

    <p>Macula Densa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if osmolarity is high in the nephrons?

    <p>Cells contract to form more urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidneys?

    <p>Produce urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate capacity of the bladder?

    <p>~600 mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for absorbing and secreting solutes in the nephrons?

    <p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which filtrate enters Bowman's Capsule?

    <p>Filtration Slits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for releasing ATP and adenosine in response to flow rate or sodium disturbances?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular Cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if blood pressure falls below a mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg?

    <p>Impaired renal function and potential shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Urea in the Loop of Henle?

    <p>Rid the body of nitrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule)?

    <p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone) in the collecting ducts?

    <p>Reabsorb water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of natriuretic hormones in the kidney?

    <p>Inhibit aldosterone and allow sodium excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do diuretics have on urine volume?

    <p>Increase urine volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys regulate acids and bases compared to the lungs?

    <p>Lungs are faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance increases water in the urine if present, especially in uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when blood pressure drops in relation to renin production?

    <p>Promotes aldosterone release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of Endothelins in the kidneys?

    <p>Induce vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of progesterone on water retention in women?

    <p>It increases water retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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