Tubulointerstitial Diseases in Calves and Foals

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Questions and Answers

Match the following viruses with their primary characteristics:

Ovine herpesvirus-2 = Endemic in sheep, infects cattle and other species Canine herpesvirus = Highly fatal disease in neonatal puppies Feline Infectious Peritonitis = Mutation of Feline Enteric Coronavirus Equine Infectious Anemia = Lentivirus associated with horses

Match the following infectious processes with their transmission method:

Feline Infectious Peritonitis = Fecal-oral transmission Ovine herpesvirus-2 = Occurs worldwide in sheep Canine herpesvirus = Infected in utero or at birth Leptospirosis = Direct contact with contaminated water

Match the following symptoms with the corresponding disease:

Diffuse petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages = Canine herpesvirus Secondary macrophage associated viremia = Feline Infectious Peritonitis Vascular necrosis = Canine herpesvirus Replication in enterocytes = Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Match the following diseases with their respective viral family:

Ovine herpesvirus-2 = Alphaherpesvirinae Feline Infectious Peritonitis = Coronaviridae Canine herpesvirus = Alphaherpesvirinae Equine Viral Arteritis = Arterivirus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animal species with their related diseases:

Sheep = Sheep-pox Horses = Equine Infectious Anemia Pigs = Leptospirosis Cattle = Ovine herpesvirus-2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their descriptions:

Malignant catarrhal fever = Sporadic, fatal multisystemic disease characterized by lymphoproliferation Theileria parva = Causes east coast fever in cattle Lumpy skin disease = Viral disease affecting cattle with nodular lesions Leptospirosis = Zoonotic disease caused by various serovars of Leptospira interrogans Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key findings with the associated disease:

Icterus, anemia = Leptospirosis Lymphoproliferation & Ulcerative mucosal lesions = Malignant catarrhal fever Swollen, hemorrhagic kidneys = Leptospirosis Nodular lesions on the skin = Lumpy skin disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathogens with their corresponding diseases:

Leptospira interrogans = Leptospirosis Gammaherpesvirus = Malignant catarrhal fever Theileria parva = East coast fever Capripoxvirus = Lumpy skin disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the correct phase of Leptospirosis:

Acute - Petechial hemorrhages = Acute phase Chronic - Shrunken kidneys = Chronic phase Acute - Port-wine colored urine = Acute phase Chronic - Mummified fetuses = Abortive phase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the corresponding pathogen:

Spiral, filamentous bacteria = Leptospira interrogans Weakly gram-negative spirochetes = Leptospira interrogans Sporadic multisystemic disease = Malignant catarrhal fever Viral disease with high mortality = Lumpy skin disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their potential outcomes:

Leptospirosis = Mummified fetuses in swine Malignant catarrhal fever = Mortality approaches 100% Theileria parva = Severe disease in infected cattle Lumpy skin disease = Lethargy and reduced milk production Signup and view all the answers

Match the following host characteristics with their associated diseases:

Maintenance hosts for serovars = Leptospirosis Incidental hosts with severe disease = Leptospirosis Primarily affects cattle and ruminants = Malignant catarrhal fever Primarily affects ruminants = Lumpy skin disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental conditions with the related pathogen:

Survives in warm, moist soil = Leptospira interrogans Transmitted through contact with infected animals = Malignant catarrhal fever Vector-borne transmission = Theileria parva Airborne spread = Lumpy skin disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their associated pathogens:

Leptospirosis = Leptospira spp. Infectious Canine Hepatitis = Canine Adenovirus 1 Feline infectious peritonitis = Feline Coronavirus Borrelia burgdorferi = Lyme disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathogens with their primary hosts:

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis = Sheep and goats Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae = Pigs Klebsiella pneumoniae = Dogs Actinobacillus equuli = Horses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of pyelonephritis with their characteristics:

Acute pyelonephritis = Most common in sows Chronic pyelonephritis = Often seen in cattle and dogs Bilateral pyelonephritis = Inflammation of both kidneys Ascending pyelonephritis = Infection usually starts from the lower urinary tract Signup and view all the answers

Match the following renal conditions with their primary features:

Acute tubular necrosis = Severe in proximal tubules Calcium oxalate crystals = Needle-shaped or 'picket fence' shaped Acidosis = Severe metabolic acidosis with nervous signs Urolithiasis = Presence of calculi in the urinary passages Signup and view all the answers

Match the following predisposing factors with their effects on urinary tract infections:

Short urethras = Increase risk of infection Urethral trauma = Facilitates pathogen entry Hormonal effects = Modulates urinary tract health Proximal rectal urethra distance = Influences infection risk Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their roles or effects in renal pathology:

Glycoaldehyde = Acts directly on tubular epithelium Calcium oxalate = Precipitates upon decreasing pH Antifreeze = Sweet taste that affects kidneys Acid = Causes severe metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following renal tumors with their characteristics:

Renal carcinoma = Common in cats and cows Renal adenoma = Primary or secondary renal tumor Nephroblastoma = Kidney tumor found in young animals Lymphosarcoma = Commonly affects the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Match the following causes of urinary tract obstruction:

Urolithiasis = Formation of urinary stones Tumors = Abnormal growths causing obstruction Prostatomegaly = Enlarged prostate affecting urethra Catheterization = Invasive procedure that can lead to blockage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clinical findings with their descriptions:

Azotemia = Acute renal failure Proteinuria = Presence of protein in urine Hypocalcemia = Low calcium levels in blood Glucosuria = Presence of glucose in urine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their association in renal conditions:

E. coli = Commonly linked to pyelonephritis Proteus = Associated with urinary infections Staphylococcus = Causes renal infections Streptococcus = Linked to various infections Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral infections with their animal species:

Equine polyomavirus = Horses Canine herpesvirus = Dogs Sheep adenovirus = Sheep Feline Herpesvirus = Cats Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components related to urolithiasis with their attributes:

Nucleation = Formation of a 'nidus' for calculi Urethral plugs = Matrix predominates in aggregates Obstructive effects = Causes local pressure necrosis Hydronephrosis = Sequelae of urethral or bladder rupture Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Embolic suppurative nephritis = Caused by bacterial emboli Inflammation of renal pelvis = Pyelonephritis Recovery phase infection = Infectious Canine Hepatitis Ascending infection risk = Associated with urinary tract issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microscopic kidney findings with their visual cues:

Acute cellular swelling = Initial phase of tubular lesions Cow and cat lymphosarcoma = Common malignant kidney lesions Calcium oxalate crystals = Light yellow, anisotropic, birefringent Mottled kidneys = Swollen and pale kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects of compounds on kidneys:

Calcium oxalate = Sequesters calcium Antifreeze exposure = Increased susceptibility in cats Acidosis = Induces nervous signs Glucose presence = Indicates glucosuria Signup and view all the answers

Match the following renal conditions with the species they most commonly affect:

Acute tubular necrosis = More commonly affects dogs Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystalluria = Notable in dogs and cats Nephroblastoma = Typically in young animals Urolithiasis = Commonly with males due to urethra length Signup and view all the answers

Match the following histologic features with their corresponding diseases:

Interstitial inflammation = Interstitial Nephritis Tubular dilation and atrophy = Pyelonephritis Multifocal area of necrosis = Septicemia of foals Abscess obscuring normal architecture = Interstitial Nephritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the causes of interstitial nephritis with their descriptions:

Infections = Responsible for acute inflammatory response Therapeutic drugs = Can induce nephrotoxicity Chemicals = Promote damage to tubular cells Immunologic disorders = Lead to interstitial inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms with their related conditions:

Septicemia of foals = Sleepy foal disease Navel-ill = Postnatal infection Joint-ill = Septic arthritis in newborns Bacteremia = Spread of bacteria into bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Match the findings in histopathology to their specific conditions:

Inflammatory aggregates = Interstitial Nephritis Pinpoint cortical foci = White-spotted kidneys of calves Microabscesses = Secondary to bacteremia/septicemia Limited to cortex = Multifocal interstitial nephritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial characteristics with the relevant diseases:

Actinobacillus equuli = Normal inhabitant of adult horse Coccobacilli colony = Associated with septicemia of foals Septic emboli = Lodges in small capillaries Bacterial transmission via umbilicus = In utero infection risk Signup and view all the answers

Match the aspects of interstitial nephritis with their progressive stages:

Begins suppurative = Microabscess formation Progresses to non-suppurative = Fibrosis over time Multifocal, often coalescing = Limit to the cortex Inflammatory infiltrate = Expands the interstitium Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific conditions with their clinical implications:

Interstitial nephritis = Often secondary to infections Renal tubule damage = Caused by toxins and chemicals Bacterial infections = Lead to interstitial inflammatory response Acute nephritis = A major contributor to kidney injury Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of nephritis with their key features:

Interstitial (embolic) nephritis = Related to septicemia Incidental finding in young calves = Diagnostic observation Secondary to coliforms = Associated with bacterial infections Non-suppurative over time = Fibrotic change in interstitium Signup and view all the answers

Match the termwith its direct health implications:

Septicemia = Acute and fatal in foals Transmission via parturition = Risk factor for utero infections Bacteraemia = Results in embolic phenomena Septic emboli = Incite inflammatory responses in kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Match the conditions with their histological progression:

Acute inflammatory response = Interstital inflammation Fibrosis development = Chronic changes over time Replacement of normal architecture = Bacterial infiltration effects Histopathological findings = Indicate renal damage severity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes