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Questions and Answers
What type of virus causes a highly fatal systemic disease in neonate puppies?
What type of virus causes a highly fatal systemic disease in neonate puppies?
- Feline Enteric Coronavirus
- Ovine herpesvirus-2
- Canine herpesvirus (correct)
- Equine Infectious Anemia
Which of the following describes the mechanism of infection for Feline Infectious Peritonitis?
Which of the following describes the mechanism of infection for Feline Infectious Peritonitis?
- Oral transmission through contaminated water
- Fecal-oral transmission with potential inhalation (correct)
- Direct transmission through blood
- Contact with infected skin lesions
What is a common characteristic of the diseases caused by Ovine herpesvirus-2?
What is a common characteristic of the diseases caused by Ovine herpesvirus-2?
- It is primarily transmitted through water sources.
- It causes distinct vascular necrosis in various organs.
- It is endemic in ruminants and can infect multiple species. (correct)
- It leads to respiratory failures resulting in death.
Which of the following is true regarding the temperature sensitivity of Canine herpesvirus?
Which of the following is true regarding the temperature sensitivity of Canine herpesvirus?
Which viral infection in sheep can cause membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis as a complication?
Which viral infection in sheep can cause membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis as a complication?
Which infectious agent is commonly associated with pyelonephritis in cattle?
Which infectious agent is commonly associated with pyelonephritis in cattle?
What condition is most frequently seen in sows regarding pyelonephritis?
What condition is most frequently seen in sows regarding pyelonephritis?
Which of the following factors predisposes females to urinary tract infections?
Which of the following factors predisposes females to urinary tract infections?
What is the primary cause of ascending infection leading to pyelonephritis?
What is the primary cause of ascending infection leading to pyelonephritis?
Which bacterial agent is associated with causing chronic pyelonephritis in dogs?
Which bacterial agent is associated with causing chronic pyelonephritis in dogs?
Which option best describes the condition of pyelonephritis?
Which option best describes the condition of pyelonephritis?
What is a common risk factor associated with urinary tract obstruction leading to pyelonephritis?
What is a common risk factor associated with urinary tract obstruction leading to pyelonephritis?
Which pathogen is NOT typically associated with renal infections in dogs and cats?
Which pathogen is NOT typically associated with renal infections in dogs and cats?
What is a characteristic finding in acute tubular injury due to ischemia?
What is a characteristic finding in acute tubular injury due to ischemia?
Which of the following is NOT a principal cause of acute tubular injury?
Which of the following is NOT a principal cause of acute tubular injury?
Which type of nephrosis is associated with a characteristic gun metal blue appearance?
Which type of nephrosis is associated with a characteristic gun metal blue appearance?
What condition may arise from chronic cystitis?
What condition may arise from chronic cystitis?
What is a common gross finding in kidneys affected by myoglobinuric nephrosis?
What is a common gross finding in kidneys affected by myoglobinuric nephrosis?
Which of the following bacteria is NOT typically associated with hemoglobinuric nephrosis?
Which of the following bacteria is NOT typically associated with hemoglobinuric nephrosis?
What type of change is seen in the renal cortex during acute tubular necrosis?
What type of change is seen in the renal cortex during acute tubular necrosis?
What is one histological description of the epithelial cells in kidneys affected by ethylene glycol toxicity?
What is one histological description of the epithelial cells in kidneys affected by ethylene glycol toxicity?
What underlying metabolic effect is exacerbated by the presence of calcium oxalate in renal tubules?
What underlying metabolic effect is exacerbated by the presence of calcium oxalate in renal tubules?
Which type of crystalluria is commonly associated with acute renal failure due to substances like antifreeze?
Which type of crystalluria is commonly associated with acute renal failure due to substances like antifreeze?
What anatomical changes are typically observed in the kidneys affected by acute tubular necrosis?
What anatomical changes are typically observed in the kidneys affected by acute tubular necrosis?
What significant renal complication may arise from urethral obstruction, particularly in males?
What significant renal complication may arise from urethral obstruction, particularly in males?
Which structure is most likely to present with crystals arranged in rosettes or prisms when viewed under polarized light?
Which structure is most likely to present with crystals arranged in rosettes or prisms when viewed under polarized light?
Which condition is often characterized by the presence of aggregates of urinary solutes and proteinaceous debris?
Which condition is often characterized by the presence of aggregates of urinary solutes and proteinaceous debris?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with acute renal failure in the renal pathology described?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with acute renal failure in the renal pathology described?
What is the typical crystalline appearance of calcium oxalate under microscopic examination in renal pathology?
What is the typical crystalline appearance of calcium oxalate under microscopic examination in renal pathology?
Which histologic feature is associated with interstitial nephritis?
Which histologic feature is associated with interstitial nephritis?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of interstitial nephritis?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of interstitial nephritis?
What is the primary histologic change observed with pyelonephritis?
What is the primary histologic change observed with pyelonephritis?
Which bacterium is commonly associated with septicemia in foals?
Which bacterium is commonly associated with septicemia in foals?
Which clinical condition is classically associated with 'sleepy foal disease'?
Which clinical condition is classically associated with 'sleepy foal disease'?
What characterizes 'white-spotted kidneys' in calves?
What characterizes 'white-spotted kidneys' in calves?
What is the typical progression of interstitial nephritis in calves?
What is the typical progression of interstitial nephritis in calves?
Which cells are primarily involved in the inflammatory infiltrate of interstitial nephritis?
Which cells are primarily involved in the inflammatory infiltrate of interstitial nephritis?
What is a common clinical manifestation of bacteremia leading to interstitial nephritis?
What is a common clinical manifestation of bacteremia leading to interstitial nephritis?
What type of nephritis usually presents as an incidental finding in young calves?
What type of nephritis usually presents as an incidental finding in young calves?
Study Notes
Tubulointerstitial Diseases
- Interstitial nephritis is characterized by interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, tubular dilation, and atrophy
- Causes of interstitial nephritis: infections, toxins, immunologic disorders, chemicals, therapeutic drugs
- Actinobacillus equuli causes a highly fatal septicemia in newborn foals, known as "sleepy foal disease"
- Transmission of Actinobacillus equuli can occur in utero or at partuition, via the umbilicus
- Actinobacillus equuli causes multifocal areas of necrosis and septic emboli in kidneys, leading to interstitial nephritis
- White-spotted kidneys of calves are caused by interstitial nephritis, mainly due to coliforms bacteria
- Ovine herpesvirus-2 can cause multifocal interstitial nephritis in cattle, bison, water buffalo, and deer
- Canine herpesvirus causes a fatal systemic disease in neonatal puppies, characterized by foci of necrosis and hemorrhage in multiple organs
- Feline infectious peritonitis is caused by a mutated feline enteric coronavirus, leading to macrophage activation and systemic infection
- Embolic suppurative nephritis can be caused by various bacteria in different species:
- Cats: Pasteurella multocida
- Dogs: Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Horses: Actinobacillus equuli, Equine polyomavirus
- Pigs: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Sheep and goats: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Sheep adenovirus
- Cattle: Truperella pyogenes
Pyelonephritis
- Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the renal pelvis and parenchyma, usually caused by ascending infection from the lower urinary tract
- Predisposing factors for pyelonephritis: short urethras, urethral trauma, hormonal effects, proximity of the rectal urethra, urinary tract obstruction, urine stasis, prostatomegaly, catheterization
- Common causes of pyelonephritis: E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus
- Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by congestion, hemorrhages, and abscesses in the renal cortex
- Chronic pyelonephritis results in a firm, pale, and shrunken kidney with irregular surface and scars extending from the capsule to the pelvis
Diseases of Tubules
- Acute tubular injury (ATI) is characterized by tubular necrosis
- Causes of ATI: ischemia and nephrotoxins
- Ischemic ATI is often caused by dehydration, hypovolemia, hypotension, and massive hemolysis
- Hemoglobinuric nephrosis can be triggered by chronic copper toxicoses, Babesia, Clostridium haemolyticum, Leptospirosis
- Myoglobinuric nephrosis is caused by myopathy or trauma
- Red maple toxicity in horses can cause rhabdomyolysis and subsequent myoglobinuric nephrosis
- Ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning causes tubular necrosis, calcium oxalate crystals, and metabolic acidosis
- Signs of EG poisoning: acidosis, acute renal failure, calcium oxalate crystalluria, hypocalcemia
- Gross findings of EG poisoning: swollen and pale kidneys with visible pale yellow crystals
- Microscopic findings of EG poisoning: tubular lesions, calcium oxalate crystals
Renal Neoplastic Lesions
- Common renal neoplasms: renal carcinoma, renal adenoma, nephroblastoma, lymphosarcoma
Lower Urinary Tract
- Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi in the urinary passages, composed of urinary solutes and proteinaceous debris
- Urethral plugs are primarily composed of matrix
- Urolithiasis can occur in any part of the urinary system, but more common in males due to longer, narrower urethra
- Obstruction due to urolithiasis can cause local pressure necrosis, ulceration, and acute hemorrhagic urethritis
- Urolithiasis can lead to: urethral or bladder rupture, hydronephrosis
- Two phases of urolithiasis: nucleation and growth
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Description
This quiz covers various aspects of tubulointerstitial diseases, including interstitial nephritis, its causes, and associated pathogens such as Actinobacillus equuli and ovine herpesvirus-2. Learn about the mechanisms and effects of these diseases on different animal species, primarily focusing on kidney-related conditions. Join to test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these significant veterinary topics.
