30 Questions
What is the role of the Na+-K+-ATPase in glucose transport?
Generates a gradient for Na+ that drives glucose transport
How does low extracellular Na+ concentration affect glucose transport?
Halts glucose transport
What is the significance of having a binding site for solute in transporter proteins?
It allows for specific solute recognition
How do structurally similar competitive inhibitors impact transport?
They block transport by binding to the carrier protein
Which process involves the release of macromolecules from a cell?
Exocytosis
What characterizes absorptive pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Includes the uptake of large molecules
What is the main difference between passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion involves transporters.
Which of the following ions is likely to have a specific ion channel for its passage?
Na+
How are mutations in genes encoding ion channels related to diseases?
They can cause specific diseases.
What happens during facilitated diffusion that helps explain its mechanism?
A conformational change occurs in the carrier protein.
How can hormones like insulin regulate facilitated diffusion?
By increasing glucose uptake.
What aspect makes ion channels very selective in allowing ion passage?
They usually permit the passage of only one type of ion.
What is the filamentous material coating the invaginations (pits) during absorptive pinocytosis?
Clathrin
Which protein is necessary for the pinching off of clathrin-coated vesicles from the cell surface?
Dynamin
What plays an important role in vesicle assembly during absorptive pinocytosis?
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)
In LDL uptake, what happens to the apoprotein of LDL once the endocytotic vesicles containing the LDL-bound LDL receptor complex fuse to lysosomes?
Degraded
Which process involves releasing macromolecules synthesized in the ER and Golgi to the exterior of the cell?
Exocytosis
How does SARS-CoV-2 enter cells?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is the main difference between fluid-phase pinocytosis and absorptive pinocytosis?
Fluid-phase pinocytosis is not dependent on receptor binding, while absorptive pinocytosis is receptor-mediated.
Which type of cells typically perform phagocytosis?
Macrophages and granulocytes
What type of molecules are typically taken up in phagocytosis?
Viruses and bacteria
What is the primary requirement for endocytosis to occur?
Energy, usually from the hydrolysis of ATP
Which organelle do most endocytotic vesicles fuse with during endocytosis?
Primary lysosomes
What role do contractile elements in the cell play in endocytosis?
Help in the movement and deformation of the cell membrane
Which type of transport is involved in the movement of glucose into adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells?
Facilitated diffusion
Which system represents an example of secondary active transport for glucose transport?
SGLT-1
Which cells utilize aquaporins for augmented movement of water by simple diffusion?
Red cells and cells of the collecting ductules of the kidney
Which condition arises due to the insensitivity of AQP2 to ADH in the proximal tubule of the kidneys?
Nephrogenic diabetes insipitus (NDI)
In which tissues do glucose transporters (GLUTs) play a role in glucose transport?
Different tissues with variation
Which transporter system is involved in glucose transport in enterocytes, choroid plexus, and renal tubules?
SGLT-1
Test your knowledge on the transcellular movement of glucose in intestinal cells, focusing on the role of the Na+glucose symporter and the Na+-K+-ATPase. Explore how the maintenance of a steep Na+ gradient influences glucose transport in cells.
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