33 Questions
What is tissue homeostasis defined as?
The control of cell proliferation and cell death to maintain a steady state
What can disrupt tissue homeostasis?
Uncontrolled proliferation or not enough proliferation
Where do stem cells usually sit in the cell cycle?
In the G2 and mitosis phase
What is the result of mechanical damage to tissues?
Membranes are disrupted and proteins are denatured
What is the process of programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
What is the result of uncontrolled cell proliferation?
Cancer
What is the process of cell division?
Mitosis
What is the result of too much cell death?
Disruption of tissue homeostasis
What is the primary consequence of insufficient carbohydrate in a cell?
Inability to generate ATP
What is the effect of vitamin C deficiency on collagen?
Decreased cross-linking
What is the term for the process by which cells 'eat themselves'?
Autophagy
What is the primary mechanism of reperfusion injury?
All of the above
What is the effect of chemical toxins on cell membranes?
Blockage of channels and transporters
What is the primary consequence of ischemia?
Decrease in ATP production
What is the term for the damage caused by the sudden return of blood supply and oxygen?
Reperfusion injury
What is the primary effect of calorie surplus on cellular function?
Inflammation
What is the mechanism of action of Novichok nerve agent?
Increasing ACh at NMJ, leading to muscle contraction
What can be used to treat Novichok poisoning?
Anticholinergic medications, such as atropine
What is one possible outcome of cellular adaptation to injury?
Hypertrophy
What is the term for a decrease in cell size or function?
Atrophy
What is the term for an increase in cell number?
Hyperplasia
What is the term for a change in cell type?
Metaplasia
What is the term for cellular death via programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
What can cause cellular atrophy?
All of the above
What is the term for a reversible change in cell type in response to current conditions?
Metaplasia
Which process can precede cancer and is characterized by abnormal cell shape and size?
Dysplasia
What is the result of gingival hyperplasia?
Enlargement of organs or limbs
What is the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?
Necrosis is a result of cell injury, while apoptosis is a programmed cell death
What is the purpose of apoptosis in the immune system?
To kill infected cells
What is the result of uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation?
Enlargement of organs or limbs
What is the cause of necrosis?
Toxins, trauma, infection, or lack of oxygen supply
What is the result of cell injury due to toxins, trauma, or infection?
Necrosis
What is the significance of apoptosis in development?
It allows for shape change during development
Learn about tissue homeostasis, mitosis, cell cycle, and the mechanisms leading to cell injury. Explore the response of tissues to injury and understand the roles of necrosis and apoptosis. A foundation course for the study of pathological responses in oral tissues.
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