Tissue Homeostasis and Cell Injury

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What is tissue homeostasis defined as?

The process of apoptosis and necrosis only

The uncontrolled proliferation of cells

The response of a tissue to mechanical injury

The control of cell proliferation and cell death to maintain a steady state (correct)

What can disrupt tissue homeostasis?

The process of mitosis and apoptosis

The cell cycle and cytokinesis

Uncontrolled proliferation or not enough proliferation (correct)

Stem cells and cell fate

Where do stem cells usually sit in the cell cycle?

In the G1 phase

In the G2 and mitosis phase (correct)

In the S phase

In the M phase

What is the result of mechanical damage to tissues?

Membranes are disrupted and proteins are denatured Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of programmed cell death?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncontrolled cell proliferation?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cell division?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of too much cell death?

Disruption of tissue homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of insufficient carbohydrate in a cell?

Inability to generate ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vitamin C deficiency on collagen?

Decreased cross-linking Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells 'eat themselves'?

Autophagy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of reperfusion injury?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chemical toxins on cell membranes?

Blockage of channels and transporters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of ischemia?

Decrease in ATP production Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the damage caused by the sudden return of blood supply and oxygen?

Reperfusion injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of calorie surplus on cellular function?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Novichok nerve agent?

Increasing ACh at NMJ, leading to muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to treat Novichok poisoning?

Anticholinergic medications, such as atropine Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible outcome of cellular adaptation to injury?

Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a decrease in cell size or function?

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in cell number?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a change in cell type?

Metaplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cellular death via programmed cell death?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What can cause cellular atrophy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a reversible change in cell type in response to current conditions?

Metaplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which process can precede cancer and is characterized by abnormal cell shape and size?

Dysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of gingival hyperplasia?

Enlargement of organs or limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

Necrosis is a result of cell injury, while apoptosis is a programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of apoptosis in the immune system?

To kill infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation?